The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology

Altruism is defined as the behaviors which causes loss or damage for the individual, but provides benefit for others. It is assumed that natural selection causes individuals to act according to their own interest and such patterns of behavior to be transferred to the future generations. However, alt...

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Autores principales:	Emir Uzumceker, Gizem Naz Gezgin, Serap Akfirat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN TR
Publicado:	Muhammed Yıldız 2019
Materias:	Altruism Evolutionary psychology Natural selection Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3eed82d71b94ed4893cdb7f9d478871
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3eed82d71b94ed4893cdb7f9d4788712021-12-02T06:43:28ZThe Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology10.31461/ybpd.5598052587-15362587-1536https://doaj.org/article/f3eed82d71b94ed4893cdb7f9d4788712019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://dergipark.org.tr/download/article-file/736392https://doaj.org/toc/2587-1536https://doaj.org/toc/2587-1536Altruism is defined as the behaviors which causes loss or damage for the individual, but provides benefit for others. It is assumed that natural selection causes individuals to act according to their own interest and such patterns of behavior to be transferred to the future generations. However, altruistic human behavior is observed in all cultures and in a wide array. In this paper, the evolutionary approaches which are proposed to explain the origin of human altruism are systematically examined. In this framework, theories of kin selection, reciprocal altruism and costly signaling present biological explanations for the altruistic behaviors that are observed in all species, including humans. Kin selection theory defends that altruistic behavior increases the probability of passing one’s genes to next generations by providing benefit to their relatives with whom they share genes. Reciprocal altruism theory states that altruism provides benefit by future help one recevies from those he/she helped. Costly signaling theory argues that altruistic behavior increases individuals’ chance of mating by enabling them to exhibit their resources. On the other hand, the approaches that are based on group selection and cultural selection defend that human altruism is qualitatively different from that of other species and propose different evolutionary mechanisms. Group selection theory argues that the cooperation provided by altruism ensures the group’s advantage in intergroup competition. Theories based on cultural selection, in addition, state that altruistic behaviors can be transmitted as cultural norms. The main assumptions and the empirical studies that support the theories with these two approaches are presented and their strong and weak point are discussed. Emir UzumcekerGizem Naz GezginSerap AkfiratMuhammed YıldızarticleAltruismEvolutionary psychologyNatural selectionPsychologyBF1-990ENTRYaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, Vol 3, Iss 5, Pp 93-110 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN TR
topic	Altruism Evolutionary psychology Natural selection Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	Altruism Evolutionary psychology Natural selection Psychology BF1-990 Emir Uzumceker Gizem Naz Gezgin Serap Akfirat The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology
description	Altruism is defined as the behaviors which causes loss or damage for the individual, but provides benefit for others. It is assumed that natural selection causes individuals to act according to their own interest and such patterns of behavior to be transferred to the future generations. However, altruistic human behavior is observed in all cultures and in a wide array. In this paper, the evolutionary approaches which are proposed to explain the origin of human altruism are systematically examined. In this framework, theories of kin selection, reciprocal altruism and costly signaling present biological explanations for the altruistic behaviors that are observed in all species, including humans. Kin selection theory defends that altruistic behavior increases the probability of passing one’s genes to next generations by providing benefit to their relatives with whom they share genes. Reciprocal altruism theory states that altruism provides benefit by future help one recevies from those he/she helped. Costly signaling theory argues that altruistic behavior increases individuals’ chance of mating by enabling them to exhibit their resources. On the other hand, the approaches that are based on group selection and cultural selection defend that human altruism is qualitatively different from that of other species and propose different evolutionary mechanisms. Group selection theory argues that the cooperation provided by altruism ensures the group’s advantage in intergroup competition. Theories based on cultural selection, in addition, state that altruistic behaviors can be transmitted as cultural norms. The main assumptions and the empirical studies that support the theories with these two approaches are presented and their strong and weak point are discussed.
format	article
author	Emir Uzumceker Gizem Naz Gezgin Serap Akfirat
author_facet	Emir Uzumceker Gizem Naz Gezgin Serap Akfirat
author_sort	Emir Uzumceker
title	The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology
title_short	The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology
title_full	The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology
title_fullStr	The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology
title_full_unstemmed	The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology
title_sort	riddle of human altruism in social and evolutionary psychology
publisher	Muhammed Yıldız
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3eed82d71b94ed4893cdb7f9d478871
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The Riddle of Human Altruism in Social and Evolutionary Psychology

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