The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.

The prevalence of dyslexia identification has increased significantly over the last two decades. Yet there is debate over whether there are distinct biological and cognitive differences between those with literacy difficulties and the subgroup of people identified as dyslexic. This is the first pape...

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Autores principales:	Cathryn Knight, Tom Crick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f3fd7c6ab96c496fa04ef597a338ea93
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f3fd7c6ab96c496fa04ef597a338ea932021-12-02T20:17:38ZThe assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256114https://doaj.org/article/f3fd7c6ab96c496fa04ef597a338ea932021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256114https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The prevalence of dyslexia identification has increased significantly over the last two decades. Yet there is debate over whether there are distinct biological and cognitive differences between those with literacy difficulties and the subgroup of people identified as dyslexic. This is the first paper that provides evidence for this ongoing debate by investigating the socio-demographic factors, outside biology and cognition, that predict whether a child is identified as dyslexic in the UK. Using secondary data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, this paper examines the socio-demographic factors that predict whether a child's teacher identifies them as dyslexic at age 11. Gender, season of birth, socio-economic class and parental income are found to be significant predictors of the dyslexia label. Therefore, factors seemingly unrelated to the clinical aspects of dyslexia influence whether a child is identified as dyslexic in England and Wales. This suggests that label may not be evenly distributed across a population; furthermore, it may also indicate that resources for support may not be fairly allocated. The findings further support the argument that a 'dyslexic sub-group' within poor readers is created due to the impact of environmental factors. The results from this national-scale study thus questions the reliability, validity and moral integrity of the allocation of the dyslexia label across current education systems in the UK.Cathryn KnightTom CrickPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0256114 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Cathryn Knight Tom Crick The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.
description	The prevalence of dyslexia identification has increased significantly over the last two decades. Yet there is debate over whether there are distinct biological and cognitive differences between those with literacy difficulties and the subgroup of people identified as dyslexic. This is the first paper that provides evidence for this ongoing debate by investigating the socio-demographic factors, outside biology and cognition, that predict whether a child is identified as dyslexic in the UK. Using secondary data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, this paper examines the socio-demographic factors that predict whether a child's teacher identifies them as dyslexic at age 11. Gender, season of birth, socio-economic class and parental income are found to be significant predictors of the dyslexia label. Therefore, factors seemingly unrelated to the clinical aspects of dyslexia influence whether a child is identified as dyslexic in England and Wales. This suggests that label may not be evenly distributed across a population; furthermore, it may also indicate that resources for support may not be fairly allocated. The findings further support the argument that a 'dyslexic sub-group' within poor readers is created due to the impact of environmental factors. The results from this national-scale study thus questions the reliability, validity and moral integrity of the allocation of the dyslexia label across current education systems in the UK.
format	article
author	Cathryn Knight Tom Crick
author_facet	Cathryn Knight Tom Crick
author_sort	Cathryn Knight
title	The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.
title_short	The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.
title_full	The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.
title_fullStr	The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.
title_full_unstemmed	The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.
title_sort	assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: using the uk millennium cohort study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in england and wales.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f3fd7c6ab96c496fa04ef597a338ea93
work_keys_str_mv	AT cathrynknight theassignmentanddistributionofthedyslexialabelusingtheukmillenniumcohortstudytoinvestigatethesociodemographicpredictorsofthedyslexialabelinenglandandwales AT tomcrick theassignmentanddistributionofthedyslexialabelusingtheukmillenniumcohortstudytoinvestigatethesociodemographicpredictorsofthedyslexialabelinenglandandwales AT cathrynknight assignmentanddistributionofthedyslexialabelusingtheukmillenniumcohortstudytoinvestigatethesociodemographicpredictorsofthedyslexialabelinenglandandwales AT tomcrick assignmentanddistributionofthedyslexialabelusingtheukmillenniumcohortstudytoinvestigatethesociodemographicpredictorsofthedyslexialabelinenglandandwales
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The assignment and distribution of the dyslexia label: Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study to investigate the socio-demographic predictors of the dyslexia label in England and Wales.

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