Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data

During the development of potential new medicines or agrochemicals, an assessment of the safety profile to humans and environmental species is conducted using a range of different in silico and in vitro techniques in conjunction with metabolism and toxicity studies using animals. The required studie...

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Autores principales:	Helen Prior, Hollie Blunt, Lee Crossman, Aidan McGuire, Ruth Stow, Fiona Sewell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	3Rs fasting metabolism microsampling non-rodents refinements Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f401756f6a99448998426bb8f1b340f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f401756f6a99448998426bb8f1b340f02021-11-25T16:14:16ZRefining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data10.3390/ani111130572076-2615https://doaj.org/article/f401756f6a99448998426bb8f1b340f02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3057https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615During the development of potential new medicines or agrochemicals, an assessment of the safety profile to humans and environmental species is conducted using a range of different in silico and in vitro techniques in conjunction with metabolism and toxicity studies using animals. The required studies are outlined within international regulatory guidelines which acknowledge and support the application of the 3Rs to reduce the number of animals used or to refine the procedures performed when these studies are deemed to be necessary. The continued development of new technologies and adoption of best-practice approaches to laboratory animal housing and study procedures has generated a series of refinements that can be incorporated into animal studies throughout the package. These refinements benefit the welfare of fish, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and non-human primates (NHPs) whilst maintaining or improving data quality within general toxicology, metabolism, and other studies and can also bring efficiencies to processes that benefit study costs and timings. Examples are shared which cover the following topics: social housing of dogs and NHPs, surgical refinements in the rat bile duct cannulation model for collection of data for metabolism studies, whether fasting is really required prior to clinical pathology sampling, and the use of microsampling for toxicokinetics.Helen PriorHollie BluntLee CrossmanAidan McGuireRuth StowFiona SewellMDPI AGarticle3Rsfastingmetabolismmicrosamplingnon-rodentsrefinementsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3057, p 3057 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3Rs fasting metabolism microsampling non-rodents refinements Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	3Rs fasting metabolism microsampling non-rodents refinements Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Helen Prior Hollie Blunt Lee Crossman Aidan McGuire Ruth Stow Fiona Sewell Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
description	During the development of potential new medicines or agrochemicals, an assessment of the safety profile to humans and environmental species is conducted using a range of different in silico and in vitro techniques in conjunction with metabolism and toxicity studies using animals. The required studies are outlined within international regulatory guidelines which acknowledge and support the application of the 3Rs to reduce the number of animals used or to refine the procedures performed when these studies are deemed to be necessary. The continued development of new technologies and adoption of best-practice approaches to laboratory animal housing and study procedures has generated a series of refinements that can be incorporated into animal studies throughout the package. These refinements benefit the welfare of fish, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and non-human primates (NHPs) whilst maintaining or improving data quality within general toxicology, metabolism, and other studies and can also bring efficiencies to processes that benefit study costs and timings. Examples are shared which cover the following topics: social housing of dogs and NHPs, surgical refinements in the rat bile duct cannulation model for collection of data for metabolism studies, whether fasting is really required prior to clinical pathology sampling, and the use of microsampling for toxicokinetics.
format	article
author	Helen Prior Hollie Blunt Lee Crossman Aidan McGuire Ruth Stow Fiona Sewell
author_facet	Helen Prior Hollie Blunt Lee Crossman Aidan McGuire Ruth Stow Fiona Sewell
author_sort	Helen Prior
title	Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
title_short	Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
title_full	Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
title_fullStr	Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
title_full_unstemmed	Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
title_sort	refining procedures within regulatory toxicology studies: improving animal welfare and data
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f401756f6a99448998426bb8f1b340f0
work_keys_str_mv	AT helenprior refiningprocedureswithinregulatorytoxicologystudiesimprovinganimalwelfareanddata AT hollieblunt refiningprocedureswithinregulatorytoxicologystudiesimprovinganimalwelfareanddata AT leecrossman refiningprocedureswithinregulatorytoxicologystudiesimprovinganimalwelfareanddata AT aidanmcguire refiningprocedureswithinregulatorytoxicologystudiesimprovinganimalwelfareanddata AT ruthstow refiningprocedureswithinregulatorytoxicologystudiesimprovinganimalwelfareanddata AT fionasewell refiningprocedureswithinregulatorytoxicologystudiesimprovinganimalwelfareanddata
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Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data

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