Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk

Infant formula (IF) is a commonly used replacement whenever mother’s own milk is not available. Most IFs are based on cow milk (powders, liquids). Alternatives, based on other sources such as goat milk or plants, exist. Independent of the source, IF production and composition are strictly regulated....

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Autores principales:	Michele Wölk, Corinna Gebauer, Ralf Hoffmann, Sanja Milkovska-Stamenova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	β-casein breast milk caprine milk goat formula infant feeding liquid formula Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f4435658bea6483a8bace1891fcb082c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f4435658bea6483a8bace1891fcb082c2021-11-25T17:33:00ZAnalysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk10.3390/foods101125792304-8158https://doaj.org/article/f4435658bea6483a8bace1891fcb082c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2579https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158Infant formula (IF) is a commonly used replacement whenever mother’s own milk is not available. Most IFs are based on cow milk (powders, liquids). Alternatives, based on other sources such as goat milk or plants, exist. Independent of the source, IF production and composition are strictly regulated. Besides proteins, minerals, and lipids, milk contains a variety of endogenous peptides. Whereas the human milk peptidome has been studied intensively, the peptidomes of IFs have been mostly neglected. This study investigated the peptidomes of different types of first stage IF, including cow milk-based powders and liquids, and powdered goat milk-based IF, highlighting major similarities and differences to human milk. Extracted native peptidomes were analyzed by nanoRPC-ESI-MS/MS using two different fragmentation techniques allowing the confident identification of 1587 peptides. β-Casein peptides dominated in all samples. Interestingly, powdered and liquid cow milk-based IFs differed in the numbers of β- and α<sub>S1</sub>-casein peptides, indicating processing-derived variations. However, the peptidomes of cow and goat milk-based IF appeared to be more comparable to each other than to human milk. Despite an overlap in the major source proteins, many peptide sequences were different, i.e., species-specific. Remarkably, the data indicate that the human milk peptidome might be donor-specific as well.Michele WölkCorinna GebauerRalf HoffmannSanja Milkovska-StamenovaMDPI AGarticleβ-caseinbreast milkcaprine milkgoat formulainfant feedingliquid formulaChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2579, p 2579 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	β-casein breast milk caprine milk goat formula infant feeding liquid formula Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	β-casein breast milk caprine milk goat formula infant feeding liquid formula Chemical technology TP1-1185 Michele Wölk Corinna Gebauer Ralf Hoffmann Sanja Milkovska-Stamenova Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk
description	Infant formula (IF) is a commonly used replacement whenever mother’s own milk is not available. Most IFs are based on cow milk (powders, liquids). Alternatives, based on other sources such as goat milk or plants, exist. Independent of the source, IF production and composition are strictly regulated. Besides proteins, minerals, and lipids, milk contains a variety of endogenous peptides. Whereas the human milk peptidome has been studied intensively, the peptidomes of IFs have been mostly neglected. This study investigated the peptidomes of different types of first stage IF, including cow milk-based powders and liquids, and powdered goat milk-based IF, highlighting major similarities and differences to human milk. Extracted native peptidomes were analyzed by nanoRPC-ESI-MS/MS using two different fragmentation techniques allowing the confident identification of 1587 peptides. β-Casein peptides dominated in all samples. Interestingly, powdered and liquid cow milk-based IFs differed in the numbers of β- and α<sub>S1</sub>-casein peptides, indicating processing-derived variations. However, the peptidomes of cow and goat milk-based IF appeared to be more comparable to each other than to human milk. Despite an overlap in the major source proteins, many peptide sequences were different, i.e., species-specific. Remarkably, the data indicate that the human milk peptidome might be donor-specific as well.
format	article
author	Michele Wölk Corinna Gebauer Ralf Hoffmann Sanja Milkovska-Stamenova
author_facet	Michele Wölk Corinna Gebauer Ralf Hoffmann Sanja Milkovska-Stamenova
author_sort	Michele Wölk
title	Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk
title_short	Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk
title_full	Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk
title_fullStr	Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk
title_sort	analysis of the endogenous peptidomes of different infant formula types and human milk
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f4435658bea6483a8bace1891fcb082c
work_keys_str_mv	AT michelewolk analysisoftheendogenouspeptidomesofdifferentinfantformulatypesandhumanmilk AT corinnagebauer analysisoftheendogenouspeptidomesofdifferentinfantformulatypesandhumanmilk AT ralfhoffmann analysisoftheendogenouspeptidomesofdifferentinfantformulatypesandhumanmilk AT sanjamilkovskastamenova analysisoftheendogenouspeptidomesofdifferentinfantformulatypesandhumanmilk
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Analysis of the Endogenous Peptidomes of Different Infant Formula Types and Human Milk

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