Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Hyposmia is prodromal, and male sex is a risk marker for an enhanced likelihood ratio of Parkinson’s disease. The literature regarding olfactory bulb volume reduction is controversial, although the olfactory bulb has been largely reported as an early and preferential site for α-synucleinopa...

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Autores principales:	Alicia Flores-Cuadrado, Daniel Saiz-Sanchez, Alicia Mohedano-Moriano, Elena Lamas-Cenjor, Victor Leon-Olmo, Alino Martinez-Marcos, Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f4785161f1ca4672af5d48b60f31bf37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f4785161f1ca4672af5d48b60f31bf372021-12-02T11:50:41ZAstrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease10.1038/s41531-020-00154-72373-8057https://doaj.org/article/f4785161f1ca4672af5d48b60f31bf372021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-020-00154-7https://doaj.org/toc/2373-8057Abstract Hyposmia is prodromal, and male sex is a risk marker for an enhanced likelihood ratio of Parkinson’s disease. The literature regarding olfactory bulb volume reduction is controversial, although the olfactory bulb has been largely reported as an early and preferential site for α-synucleinopathy. These pathological deposits have been correlated with neural loss in Nissl-stained material. However, microgliosis has rarely been studied, and astrogliosis has been virtually neglected. In the present report, α-synucleinopathy (α-synuclein), neurodegeneration (Neu-N), astrogliosis (GFAP), and microgliosis (Iba-1) were quantified, using specific markers and stereological methods. Disease, sex, age, disease duration, and post-mortem interval were considered variables for statistical analysis. No volumetric changes have been identified regarding disease or sex. α-Synucleinopathy was present throughout the OB, mainly concentrated on anterior olfactory nucleus. Neurodegeneration (reduction in Neu-N-positive cells) was statistically significant in the diseased group. Astrogliosis (increased GFAP labeling) and microgliosis (increased Iba-1 labeling) were significantly enhanced in the Parkinson’s disease group. When analyzed per sex, neurodegeneration and microgliosis differences are only present in men. These data constitute the demonstration of sex differences in neurodegeneration using specific neural markers, enhanced astrogliosis and increased microgliosis, also linked to male sex, in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease.Alicia Flores-CuadradoDaniel Saiz-SanchezAlicia Mohedano-MorianoElena Lamas-CenjorVictor Leon-OlmoAlino Martinez-MarcosIsabel Ubeda-BañonNature PortfolioarticleNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENnpj Parkinson's Disease, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Elena Lamas-Cenjor Victor Leon-Olmo Alino Martinez-Marcos Isabel Ubeda-Bañon Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
description	Abstract Hyposmia is prodromal, and male sex is a risk marker for an enhanced likelihood ratio of Parkinson’s disease. The literature regarding olfactory bulb volume reduction is controversial, although the olfactory bulb has been largely reported as an early and preferential site for α-synucleinopathy. These pathological deposits have been correlated with neural loss in Nissl-stained material. However, microgliosis has rarely been studied, and astrogliosis has been virtually neglected. In the present report, α-synucleinopathy (α-synuclein), neurodegeneration (Neu-N), astrogliosis (GFAP), and microgliosis (Iba-1) were quantified, using specific markers and stereological methods. Disease, sex, age, disease duration, and post-mortem interval were considered variables for statistical analysis. No volumetric changes have been identified regarding disease or sex. α-Synucleinopathy was present throughout the OB, mainly concentrated on anterior olfactory nucleus. Neurodegeneration (reduction in Neu-N-positive cells) was statistically significant in the diseased group. Astrogliosis (increased GFAP labeling) and microgliosis (increased Iba-1 labeling) were significantly enhanced in the Parkinson’s disease group. When analyzed per sex, neurodegeneration and microgliosis differences are only present in men. These data constitute the demonstration of sex differences in neurodegeneration using specific neural markers, enhanced astrogliosis and increased microgliosis, also linked to male sex, in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease.
format	article
author	Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Elena Lamas-Cenjor Victor Leon-Olmo Alino Martinez-Marcos Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
author_facet	Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Alicia Mohedano-Moriano Elena Lamas-Cenjor Victor Leon-Olmo Alino Martinez-Marcos Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
author_sort	Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
title	Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
title_short	Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
title_full	Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
title_fullStr	Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
title_full_unstemmed	Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease
title_sort	astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in parkinson’s disease
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f4785161f1ca4672af5d48b60f31bf37
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Astrogliosis and sexually dimorphic neurodegeneration and microgliosis in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

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