Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

Potable reuse of municipal wastewater is often the lowest-energy option for increasing the availability of fresh water. However, limited data are available on the energy consumption of potable reuse facilities and schemes, and the many variables affecting energy consumption obscure the process of es...

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Autores principales:	Emily W. Tow, Anna Letcher Hartman, Aleksander Jaworowski, Ines Zucker, Soyoon Kum, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Ernest R. Blatchley, III, Andrea Achilli, Han Gu, Gulsum Melike Urper, David M. Warsinger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Potable reuse Energy consumption Water recycling Reclaimed water Desalination Advanced water treatment Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f49717b9c06a41b1bc78b17eb89e6ca0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f49717b9c06a41b1bc78b17eb89e6ca02021-12-02T05:03:32ZModeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes2589-914710.1016/j.wroa.2021.100126https://doaj.org/article/f49717b9c06a41b1bc78b17eb89e6ca02021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914721000396https://doaj.org/toc/2589-9147Potable reuse of municipal wastewater is often the lowest-energy option for increasing the availability of fresh water. However, limited data are available on the energy consumption of potable reuse facilities and schemes, and the many variables affecting energy consumption obscure the process of estimating energy requirements. By synthesizing available data and developing a simple model for the energy consumption of centralized potable reuse schemes, this study provides a framework for understanding when potable reuse is the lowest-energy option for augmenting water supply. The model is evaluated to determine a representative range for the specific electrical energy consumption of direct and indirect potable reuse schemes and compare potable reuse to other water supply augmentation options, such as seawater desalination. Finally, the model is used to identify the most promising avenues for further reducing the energy consumption of potable reuse, including encouraging direct potable reuse without additional drinking water treatment, avoiding reverse osmosis in indirect potable reuse when effluent quality allows it, updating pipe networks, or using more permeable membranes. Potable reuse already requires far less energy than seawater desalination and, with a few investments in energy efficiency, entire potable reuse schemes could operate with a specific electrical energy consumption of less than 1 kWh/m3, showing the promise of potable reuse as a low-energy option for augmenting water supply.Emily W. TowAnna Letcher HartmanAleksander JaworowskiInes ZuckerSoyoon KumMojtaba AzadiAghdamErnest R. Blatchley, IIIAndrea AchilliHan GuGulsum Melike UrperDavid M. WarsingerElsevierarticlePotable reuseEnergy consumptionWater recyclingReclaimed waterDesalinationAdvanced water treatmentEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Research X, Vol 13, Iss , Pp 100126- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Potable reuse Energy consumption Water recycling Reclaimed water Desalination Advanced water treatment Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	Potable reuse Energy consumption Water recycling Reclaimed water Desalination Advanced water treatment Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Emily W. Tow Anna Letcher Hartman Aleksander Jaworowski Ines Zucker Soyoon Kum Mojtaba AzadiAghdam Ernest R. Blatchley, III Andrea Achilli Han Gu Gulsum Melike Urper David M. Warsinger Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
description	Potable reuse of municipal wastewater is often the lowest-energy option for increasing the availability of fresh water. However, limited data are available on the energy consumption of potable reuse facilities and schemes, and the many variables affecting energy consumption obscure the process of estimating energy requirements. By synthesizing available data and developing a simple model for the energy consumption of centralized potable reuse schemes, this study provides a framework for understanding when potable reuse is the lowest-energy option for augmenting water supply. The model is evaluated to determine a representative range for the specific electrical energy consumption of direct and indirect potable reuse schemes and compare potable reuse to other water supply augmentation options, such as seawater desalination. Finally, the model is used to identify the most promising avenues for further reducing the energy consumption of potable reuse, including encouraging direct potable reuse without additional drinking water treatment, avoiding reverse osmosis in indirect potable reuse when effluent quality allows it, updating pipe networks, or using more permeable membranes. Potable reuse already requires far less energy than seawater desalination and, with a few investments in energy efficiency, entire potable reuse schemes could operate with a specific electrical energy consumption of less than 1 kWh/m3, showing the promise of potable reuse as a low-energy option for augmenting water supply.
format	article
author	Emily W. Tow Anna Letcher Hartman Aleksander Jaworowski Ines Zucker Soyoon Kum Mojtaba AzadiAghdam Ernest R. Blatchley, III Andrea Achilli Han Gu Gulsum Melike Urper David M. Warsinger
author_facet	Emily W. Tow Anna Letcher Hartman Aleksander Jaworowski Ines Zucker Soyoon Kum Mojtaba AzadiAghdam Ernest R. Blatchley, III Andrea Achilli Han Gu Gulsum Melike Urper David M. Warsinger
author_sort	Emily W. Tow
title	Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
title_short	Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
title_full	Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
title_fullStr	Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
title_sort	modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f49717b9c06a41b1bc78b17eb89e6ca0
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Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

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