Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2

Abstract Constructing methods for cleaning stains on paper artworks that meet the requirements of preservation of cultural relics are still challenging. In response to this problem, a novel electrochemical cleaning method and the preparation of corresponding electrodes were proposed. For this purpos...

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Autores principales:	Xingtang Liang, Lizhen Zheng, Shirong Li, Xiaoyu Fan, Shukun Shen, Daodao Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f4a1278f9eae436cb67ea0f8fb392965
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f4a1278f9eae436cb67ea0f8fb3929652021-12-02T16:06:49ZElectrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO210.1038/s41598-017-08907-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f4a1278f9eae436cb67ea0f8fb3929652017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08907-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Constructing methods for cleaning stains on paper artworks that meet the requirements of preservation of cultural relics are still challenging. In response to this problem, a novel electrochemical cleaning method and the preparation of corresponding electrodes were proposed. For this purpose, the conductive graphene (rGO)/polyacryamide (PAM)/montmorillonite (MMT) composite hydrogel as cathode and PbO2-based material as anode were prepared and characterized. The electrochemical cleaning efficiencies of real sample and mimicking paper artifacts were evaluated, and the effects of the electrochemical cleaning on paper itself were detected. Based on the above experiments, the following results were obtained. The composite hydrogel with attractive mechanical properties is mainly based on the hydrogen bond interactions between PAM chains and MMT. The results of cleaning efficiency revealed that the black mildew stains together with the yellowish foxing stains were almost completely eliminated within 6 min at 8 mA/cm2, and various stains formed by tideline, foxing, organic dyes and drinks could be thoroughly removed at 4 mA/cm2 within 5 min. In addition, the proposed cleaning method has advantages in local selectivity, easy control of cleaning course, and reusability, which represents a potential utility of this approach.Xingtang LiangLizhen ZhengShirong LiXiaoyu FanShukun ShenDaodao HuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xingtang Liang Lizhen Zheng Shirong Li Xiaoyu Fan Shukun Shen Daodao Hu Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
description	Abstract Constructing methods for cleaning stains on paper artworks that meet the requirements of preservation of cultural relics are still challenging. In response to this problem, a novel electrochemical cleaning method and the preparation of corresponding electrodes were proposed. For this purpose, the conductive graphene (rGO)/polyacryamide (PAM)/montmorillonite (MMT) composite hydrogel as cathode and PbO2-based material as anode were prepared and characterized. The electrochemical cleaning efficiencies of real sample and mimicking paper artifacts were evaluated, and the effects of the electrochemical cleaning on paper itself were detected. Based on the above experiments, the following results were obtained. The composite hydrogel with attractive mechanical properties is mainly based on the hydrogen bond interactions between PAM chains and MMT. The results of cleaning efficiency revealed that the black mildew stains together with the yellowish foxing stains were almost completely eliminated within 6 min at 8 mA/cm2, and various stains formed by tideline, foxing, organic dyes and drinks could be thoroughly removed at 4 mA/cm2 within 5 min. In addition, the proposed cleaning method has advantages in local selectivity, easy control of cleaning course, and reusability, which represents a potential utility of this approach.
format	article
author	Xingtang Liang Lizhen Zheng Shirong Li Xiaoyu Fan Shukun Shen Daodao Hu
author_facet	Xingtang Liang Lizhen Zheng Shirong Li Xiaoyu Fan Shukun Shen Daodao Hu
author_sort	Xingtang Liang
title	Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
title_short	Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
title_full	Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
title_fullStr	Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
title_sort	electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and pbo2
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/f4a1278f9eae436cb67ea0f8fb392965
work_keys_str_mv	AT xingtangliang electrochemicalremovalofstainsfrompaperculturalrelicsbasedontheelectrodesystemofconductivecompositehydrogelandpbo2 AT lizhenzheng electrochemicalremovalofstainsfrompaperculturalrelicsbasedontheelectrodesystemofconductivecompositehydrogelandpbo2 AT shirongli electrochemicalremovalofstainsfrompaperculturalrelicsbasedontheelectrodesystemofconductivecompositehydrogelandpbo2 AT xiaoyufan electrochemicalremovalofstainsfrompaperculturalrelicsbasedontheelectrodesystemofconductivecompositehydrogelandpbo2 AT shukunshen electrochemicalremovalofstainsfrompaperculturalrelicsbasedontheelectrodesystemofconductivecompositehydrogelandpbo2 AT daodaohu electrochemicalremovalofstainsfrompaperculturalrelicsbasedontheelectrodesystemofconductivecompositehydrogelandpbo2
_version_	1718384878718812160

Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2

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