Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral.
Coral reefs are experiencing unprecedented degradation due to human activities, and protecting specific reef habitats may not stop this decline, because the most serious threats are global (i.e., climate change), not local. However, ex situ preservation practices can provide safeguards for coral ree...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012
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oai:doaj.org-article:f4ab625062ff45f582b7c62d626b0adf2021-11-18T07:25:41ZPreserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0033354https://doaj.org/article/f4ab625062ff45f582b7c62d626b0adf2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22413020/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Coral reefs are experiencing unprecedented degradation due to human activities, and protecting specific reef habitats may not stop this decline, because the most serious threats are global (i.e., climate change), not local. However, ex situ preservation practices can provide safeguards for coral reef conservation. Specifically, modern advances in cryobiology and genome banking could secure existing species and genetic diversity until genotypes can be introduced into rehabilitated habitats. We assessed the feasibility of recovering viable sperm and embryonic cells post-thaw from two coral species, Acropora palmata and Fungia scutaria that have diffferent evolutionary histories, ecological niches and reproductive strategies. In vitro fertilization (IVF) of conspecific eggs using fresh (control) spermatozoa revealed high levels of fertilization (>90% in A. palmata; >84% in F. scutaria; P>0.05) that were unaffected by tested sperm concentrations. A solution of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at cooling rates of 20 to 30°C/min most successfully cryopreserved both A. palmata and F. scutaria spermatozoa and allowed producing developing larvae in vitro. IVF success under these conditions was 65% in A. palmata and 53% in F. scutaria on particular nights; however, on subsequent nights, the same process resulted in little or no IVF success. Thus, the window for optimal freezing of high quality spermatozoa was short (∼5 h for one night each spawning cycle). Additionally, cryopreserved F. scutaria embryonic cells had∼50% post-thaw viability as measured by intact membranes. Thus, despite some differences between species, coral spermatozoa and embryonic cells are viable after low temperature (-196°C) storage, preservation and thawing. Based on these results, we have begun systematically banking coral spermatozoa and embryonic cells on a large-scale as a support approach for preserving existing bio- and genetic diversity found in reef systems.Mary HagedornVirginia CarterKelly MartoranaMalia K ParesaJason AckerIliana B BaumsEric BornemanMichael BrittsanMichael ByersMichael HenleyMichael LaterveerJo-Ann LeongMegan McCarthyStuart MeyersBrian D NelsonDirk PetersenTerrence TierschRafael Cuevas UribeErik WoodsDavid WildtPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e33354 (2012) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Mary Hagedorn Virginia Carter Kelly Martorana Malia K Paresa Jason Acker Iliana B Baums Eric Borneman Michael Brittsan Michael Byers Michael Henley Michael Laterveer Jo-Ann Leong Megan McCarthy Stuart Meyers Brian D Nelson Dirk Petersen Terrence Tiersch Rafael Cuevas Uribe Erik Woods David Wildt Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral. |
| description |
Coral reefs are experiencing unprecedented degradation due to human activities, and protecting specific reef habitats may not stop this decline, because the most serious threats are global (i.e., climate change), not local. However, ex situ preservation practices can provide safeguards for coral reef conservation. Specifically, modern advances in cryobiology and genome banking could secure existing species and genetic diversity until genotypes can be introduced into rehabilitated habitats. We assessed the feasibility of recovering viable sperm and embryonic cells post-thaw from two coral species, Acropora palmata and Fungia scutaria that have diffferent evolutionary histories, ecological niches and reproductive strategies. In vitro fertilization (IVF) of conspecific eggs using fresh (control) spermatozoa revealed high levels of fertilization (>90% in A. palmata; >84% in F. scutaria; P>0.05) that were unaffected by tested sperm concentrations. A solution of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at cooling rates of 20 to 30°C/min most successfully cryopreserved both A. palmata and F. scutaria spermatozoa and allowed producing developing larvae in vitro. IVF success under these conditions was 65% in A. palmata and 53% in F. scutaria on particular nights; however, on subsequent nights, the same process resulted in little or no IVF success. Thus, the window for optimal freezing of high quality spermatozoa was short (∼5 h for one night each spawning cycle). Additionally, cryopreserved F. scutaria embryonic cells had∼50% post-thaw viability as measured by intact membranes. Thus, despite some differences between species, coral spermatozoa and embryonic cells are viable after low temperature (-196°C) storage, preservation and thawing. Based on these results, we have begun systematically banking coral spermatozoa and embryonic cells on a large-scale as a support approach for preserving existing bio- and genetic diversity found in reef systems. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Mary Hagedorn Virginia Carter Kelly Martorana Malia K Paresa Jason Acker Iliana B Baums Eric Borneman Michael Brittsan Michael Byers Michael Henley Michael Laterveer Jo-Ann Leong Megan McCarthy Stuart Meyers Brian D Nelson Dirk Petersen Terrence Tiersch Rafael Cuevas Uribe Erik Woods David Wildt |
| author_facet |
Mary Hagedorn Virginia Carter Kelly Martorana Malia K Paresa Jason Acker Iliana B Baums Eric Borneman Michael Brittsan Michael Byers Michael Henley Michael Laterveer Jo-Ann Leong Megan McCarthy Stuart Meyers Brian D Nelson Dirk Petersen Terrence Tiersch Rafael Cuevas Uribe Erik Woods David Wildt |
| author_sort |
Mary Hagedorn |
| title |
Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral. |
| title_short |
Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral. |
| title_full |
Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral. |
| title_fullStr |
Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving Caribbean and Pacific coral. |
| title_sort |
preserving and using germplasm and dissociated embryonic cells for conserving caribbean and pacific coral. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/f4ab625062ff45f582b7c62d626b0adf |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718423509613412352 |