Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability

ObjectiveSecondary caries caused by oral microbiome dysbiosis and hybrid layer degradation are two important contributors to the poor resin–dentin bond durability. Cavity cleansers with long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic activities are in demand for eliminating bacteria-induced secondary c...

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Autores principales:	Yaping Gou, Wei Jin, Yanning He, Yu Luo, Ruirui Si, Yuan He, Zhongchi Wang, Jing Li, Bin Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	antibacterial endogenous dentin proteases cavity cleanser resin–dentin bonds poly(amidoamine) dendrimers Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f4ec38d281c243e5b32079144d25b400
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f4ec38d281c243e5b32079144d25b4002021-11-19T07:18:01ZEffect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability2235-298810.3389/fcimb.2021.784153https://doaj.org/article/f4ec38d281c243e5b32079144d25b4002021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.784153/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2235-2988ObjectiveSecondary caries caused by oral microbiome dysbiosis and hybrid layer degradation are two important contributors to the poor resin–dentin bond durability. Cavity cleansers with long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic activities are in demand for eliminating bacteria-induced secondary caries and preventing hybrid layers from degradation. The objectives of the present study were to examine the long-term antimicrobial effect and anti-proteolytic potential of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with amino terminal groups (PAMAM-NH2) cavity cleanser.MethodsAdsorption tests by attenuated total reflectance–infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were first performed to evaluate whether the PAMAM-NH2 cavity cleanser had binding capacity to dentin surface to fulfill its relatively long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic effects. For antibacterial testing, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Enterococcus faecalis were grown on dentin surfaces, prior to the application of cavity cleanser. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and live/dead bacterial staining were performed to assess antibacterial effects. Gelatinolytic activity within the hybrid layers was directly detected by in situ zymography. Adhesive permeability of bonded interface and microtensile bond strength were employed to assess whether the PAMAM-NH2 cavity cleanser adversely affected resin–dentin bonding. Finally, the cytotoxicity of PAMAM-NH2 was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.ResultsAdsorption tests demonstrated that the binding capacity of PAMAM-NH2 on dentin surface was much stronger than that of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) because its binding was strong enough to resist phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) washing. Antibacterial testing indicated that PAMAM-NH2 significantly inhibited bacteria grown on the dentin discs as compared with the control group (p < 0.05), which was comparable with the antibacterial activity of 2% CHX (p > 0.05). Hybrid layers conditioned with PAMAM-NH2 showed significant decrease in gelatin activity as compared with the control group. Furthermore, PAMAM-NH2 pretreatment did not adversely affect resin–dentin bonding because it did not decrease adhesive permeability and microtensile strength. CCK-8 assay showed that PAMAM-NH2 had low cytotoxicity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and L929.ConclusionsPAMAM-NH2 cavity cleanser developed in this study could provide simultaneous long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic activities for eliminating secondary caries that result from a dysbiosis in the oral microbiome and for preventing hybrid layers from degradation due to its good binding capacity to dentin collagen matrix, which are crucial for the maintenance of resin–dentin bond durability.Yaping GouWei JinYanning HeYu LuoRuirui SiYuan HeZhongchi WangJing LiBin LiuFrontiers Media S.A.articleantibacterialendogenous dentin proteasescavity cleanserresin–dentin bondspoly(amidoamine) dendrimersMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antibacterial endogenous dentin proteases cavity cleanser resin–dentin bonds poly(amidoamine) dendrimers Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	antibacterial endogenous dentin proteases cavity cleanser resin–dentin bonds poly(amidoamine) dendrimers Microbiology QR1-502 Yaping Gou Wei Jin Yanning He Yu Luo Ruirui Si Yuan He Zhongchi Wang Jing Li Bin Liu Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability
description	ObjectiveSecondary caries caused by oral microbiome dysbiosis and hybrid layer degradation are two important contributors to the poor resin–dentin bond durability. Cavity cleansers with long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic activities are in demand for eliminating bacteria-induced secondary caries and preventing hybrid layers from degradation. The objectives of the present study were to examine the long-term antimicrobial effect and anti-proteolytic potential of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with amino terminal groups (PAMAM-NH2) cavity cleanser.MethodsAdsorption tests by attenuated total reflectance–infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were first performed to evaluate whether the PAMAM-NH2 cavity cleanser had binding capacity to dentin surface to fulfill its relatively long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic effects. For antibacterial testing, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Enterococcus faecalis were grown on dentin surfaces, prior to the application of cavity cleanser. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and live/dead bacterial staining were performed to assess antibacterial effects. Gelatinolytic activity within the hybrid layers was directly detected by in situ zymography. Adhesive permeability of bonded interface and microtensile bond strength were employed to assess whether the PAMAM-NH2 cavity cleanser adversely affected resin–dentin bonding. Finally, the cytotoxicity of PAMAM-NH2 was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.ResultsAdsorption tests demonstrated that the binding capacity of PAMAM-NH2 on dentin surface was much stronger than that of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) because its binding was strong enough to resist phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) washing. Antibacterial testing indicated that PAMAM-NH2 significantly inhibited bacteria grown on the dentin discs as compared with the control group (p < 0.05), which was comparable with the antibacterial activity of 2% CHX (p > 0.05). Hybrid layers conditioned with PAMAM-NH2 showed significant decrease in gelatin activity as compared with the control group. Furthermore, PAMAM-NH2 pretreatment did not adversely affect resin–dentin bonding because it did not decrease adhesive permeability and microtensile strength. CCK-8 assay showed that PAMAM-NH2 had low cytotoxicity on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and L929.ConclusionsPAMAM-NH2 cavity cleanser developed in this study could provide simultaneous long-term antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic activities for eliminating secondary caries that result from a dysbiosis in the oral microbiome and for preventing hybrid layers from degradation due to its good binding capacity to dentin collagen matrix, which are crucial for the maintenance of resin–dentin bond durability.
format	article
author	Yaping Gou Wei Jin Yanning He Yu Luo Ruirui Si Yuan He Zhongchi Wang Jing Li Bin Liu
author_facet	Yaping Gou Wei Jin Yanning He Yu Luo Ruirui Si Yuan He Zhongchi Wang Jing Li Bin Liu
author_sort	Yaping Gou
title	Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability
title_short	Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability
title_full	Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability
title_fullStr	Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability
title_sort	effect of cavity cleanser with long-term antibacterial and anti-proteolytic activities on resin–dentin bond stability
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f4ec38d281c243e5b32079144d25b400
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Effect of Cavity Cleanser With Long-Term Antibacterial and Anti-Proteolytic Activities on Resin–Dentin Bond Stability

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