Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study

Many tasks require the skilled interaction of both hands, such as eating with knife and fork or keyboard typing. However, our understanding of the behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning bimanual motor learning is still sparse. Here, we aimed to address this by first characterisin...

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Autores principales:	Marleen J. Schoenfeld, Ioana-Florentina Grigoras, Charlotte J. Stagg, Catharina Zich
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	unimanual motor learning bimanual motor learning transcranial alternating current stimulation bihemispheric stimulation phase synchrony beta activity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f4ef94b2c9514449aadf76f0607a8331
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f4ef94b2c9514449aadf76f0607a83312021-11-16T06:36:25ZInvestigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study1662-516110.3389/fnhum.2021.755748https://doaj.org/article/f4ef94b2c9514449aadf76f0607a83312021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.755748/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5161Many tasks require the skilled interaction of both hands, such as eating with knife and fork or keyboard typing. However, our understanding of the behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning bimanual motor learning is still sparse. Here, we aimed to address this by first characterising learning-related changes of different levels of bimanual interaction and second investigating how beta tACS modulates these learning-related changes. To explore early bimanual motor learning, we designed a novel bimanual motor learning task. In the task, a force grip device held in each hand (controlling x- and y-axis separately) was used to move a cursor along a path of streets at different angles (0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, and 90°). Each street corresponded to specific force ratios between hands, which resulted in different levels of hand interaction, i.e., unimanual (Uni, i.e., 0°, 90°), bimanual with equal force (Bieq, 45°), and bimanual with unequal force (Biuneq 22.5°, 67.5°). In experiment 1, 40 healthy participants performed the task for 45 min with a minimum of 100 trials. We found that the novel task induced improvements in movement time and error, with no trade-off between movement time and error, and with distinct patterns for the three levels of bimanual interaction. In experiment 2, we performed a between-subjects, double-blind study in 54 healthy participants to explore the effect of phase synchrony between both sensorimotor cortices using tACS at the individual’s beta peak frequency. The individual’s beta peak frequency was quantified using electroencephalography. 20 min of 2 mA peak-to-peak amplitude tACS was applied during task performance (40 min). Participants either received in-phase (0° phase shift), out-of-phase (90° phase shift), or sham (3 s of stimulation) tACS. We replicated the behavioural results of experiment 1, however, beta tACS did not modulate motor learning. Overall, the novel bimanual motor task allows to characterise bimanual motor learning with different levels of bimanual interaction. This should pave the way for future neuroimaging studies to further investigate the underlying mechanism of bimanual motor learning.Marleen J. SchoenfeldMarleen J. SchoenfeldMarleen J. SchoenfeldIoana-Florentina GrigorasIoana-Florentina GrigorasIoana-Florentina GrigorasCharlotte J. StaggCharlotte J. StaggCharlotte J. StaggCatharina ZichCatharina ZichCatharina ZichFrontiers Media S.A.articleunimanual motor learningbimanual motor learningtranscranial alternating current stimulationbihemispheric stimulationphase synchronybeta activityNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	unimanual motor learning bimanual motor learning transcranial alternating current stimulation bihemispheric stimulation phase synchrony beta activity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	unimanual motor learning bimanual motor learning transcranial alternating current stimulation bihemispheric stimulation phase synchrony beta activity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Marleen J. Schoenfeld Marleen J. Schoenfeld Marleen J. Schoenfeld Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Charlotte J. Stagg Charlotte J. Stagg Charlotte J. Stagg Catharina Zich Catharina Zich Catharina Zich Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study
description	Many tasks require the skilled interaction of both hands, such as eating with knife and fork or keyboard typing. However, our understanding of the behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning bimanual motor learning is still sparse. Here, we aimed to address this by first characterising learning-related changes of different levels of bimanual interaction and second investigating how beta tACS modulates these learning-related changes. To explore early bimanual motor learning, we designed a novel bimanual motor learning task. In the task, a force grip device held in each hand (controlling x- and y-axis separately) was used to move a cursor along a path of streets at different angles (0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, and 90°). Each street corresponded to specific force ratios between hands, which resulted in different levels of hand interaction, i.e., unimanual (Uni, i.e., 0°, 90°), bimanual with equal force (Bieq, 45°), and bimanual with unequal force (Biuneq 22.5°, 67.5°). In experiment 1, 40 healthy participants performed the task for 45 min with a minimum of 100 trials. We found that the novel task induced improvements in movement time and error, with no trade-off between movement time and error, and with distinct patterns for the three levels of bimanual interaction. In experiment 2, we performed a between-subjects, double-blind study in 54 healthy participants to explore the effect of phase synchrony between both sensorimotor cortices using tACS at the individual’s beta peak frequency. The individual’s beta peak frequency was quantified using electroencephalography. 20 min of 2 mA peak-to-peak amplitude tACS was applied during task performance (40 min). Participants either received in-phase (0° phase shift), out-of-phase (90° phase shift), or sham (3 s of stimulation) tACS. We replicated the behavioural results of experiment 1, however, beta tACS did not modulate motor learning. Overall, the novel bimanual motor task allows to characterise bimanual motor learning with different levels of bimanual interaction. This should pave the way for future neuroimaging studies to further investigate the underlying mechanism of bimanual motor learning.
format	article
author	Marleen J. Schoenfeld Marleen J. Schoenfeld Marleen J. Schoenfeld Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Charlotte J. Stagg Charlotte J. Stagg Charlotte J. Stagg Catharina Zich Catharina Zich Catharina Zich
author_facet	Marleen J. Schoenfeld Marleen J. Schoenfeld Marleen J. Schoenfeld Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Ioana-Florentina Grigoras Charlotte J. Stagg Charlotte J. Stagg Charlotte J. Stagg Catharina Zich Catharina Zich Catharina Zich
author_sort	Marleen J. Schoenfeld
title	Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study
title_short	Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study
title_full	Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study
title_fullStr	Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study
title_full_unstemmed	Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study
title_sort	investigating different levels of bimanual interaction with a novel motor learning task: a behavioural and transcranial alternating current stimulation study
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f4ef94b2c9514449aadf76f0607a8331
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Investigating Different Levels of Bimanual Interaction With a Novel Motor Learning Task: A Behavioural and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Study

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