Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys

Abstract Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to an auditory beat is a fundamental component of human music. To date, only certain vocal learning species show this behaviour spontaneously. Prior research training macaques (vocal non-learners) to tap to an auditory or visual metronome found...

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Autores principales:	Ryuji Takeya, Masashi Kameda, Aniruddh D. Patel, Masaki Tanaka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f50433dc67f44764a3c7097eb9fb80bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f50433dc67f44764a3c7097eb9fb80bb2021-12-02T12:31:47ZPredictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys10.1038/s41598-017-06417-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f50433dc67f44764a3c7097eb9fb80bb2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06417-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to an auditory beat is a fundamental component of human music. To date, only certain vocal learning species show this behaviour spontaneously. Prior research training macaques (vocal non-learners) to tap to an auditory or visual metronome found their movements to be largely reactive, not predictive. Does this reflect the lack of capacity for predictive synchronization in monkeys, or lack of motivation to exhibit this behaviour? To discriminate these possibilities, we trained monkeys to make synchronized eye movements to a visual metronome. We found that monkeys could generate predictive saccades synchronized to periodic visual stimuli when an immediate reward was given for every predictive movement. This behaviour generalized to novel tempi, and the monkeys could maintain the tempo internally. Furthermore, monkeys could flexibly switch from predictive to reactive saccades when a reward was given for each reactive response. In contrast, when humans were asked to make a sequence of reactive saccades to a visual metronome, they often unintentionally generated predictive movements. These results suggest that even vocal non-learners may have the capacity for predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a beat, but that only certain vocal learning species are intrinsically motivated to do it.Ryuji TakeyaMasashi KamedaAniruddh D. PatelMasaki TanakaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ryuji Takeya Masashi Kameda Aniruddh D. Patel Masaki Tanaka Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
description	Abstract Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to an auditory beat is a fundamental component of human music. To date, only certain vocal learning species show this behaviour spontaneously. Prior research training macaques (vocal non-learners) to tap to an auditory or visual metronome found their movements to be largely reactive, not predictive. Does this reflect the lack of capacity for predictive synchronization in monkeys, or lack of motivation to exhibit this behaviour? To discriminate these possibilities, we trained monkeys to make synchronized eye movements to a visual metronome. We found that monkeys could generate predictive saccades synchronized to periodic visual stimuli when an immediate reward was given for every predictive movement. This behaviour generalized to novel tempi, and the monkeys could maintain the tempo internally. Furthermore, monkeys could flexibly switch from predictive to reactive saccades when a reward was given for each reactive response. In contrast, when humans were asked to make a sequence of reactive saccades to a visual metronome, they often unintentionally generated predictive movements. These results suggest that even vocal non-learners may have the capacity for predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a beat, but that only certain vocal learning species are intrinsically motivated to do it.
format	article
author	Ryuji Takeya Masashi Kameda Aniruddh D. Patel Masaki Tanaka
author_facet	Ryuji Takeya Masashi Kameda Aniruddh D. Patel Masaki Tanaka
author_sort	Ryuji Takeya
title	Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
title_short	Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
title_full	Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
title_fullStr	Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
title_full_unstemmed	Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
title_sort	predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/f50433dc67f44764a3c7097eb9fb80bb
work_keys_str_mv	AT ryujitakeya predictiveandtempoflexiblesynchronizationtoavisualmetronomeinmonkeys AT masashikameda predictiveandtempoflexiblesynchronizationtoavisualmetronomeinmonkeys AT aniruddhdpatel predictiveandtempoflexiblesynchronizationtoavisualmetronomeinmonkeys AT masakitanaka predictiveandtempoflexiblesynchronizationtoavisualmetronomeinmonkeys
_version_	1718394314231382016

Predictive and tempo-flexible synchronization to a visual metronome in monkeys

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