Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform

In this paper, we propose underwater acoustic (UWA) communications using a generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation (GSFM) waveform, which has a distinct ambiguity function (AF) and correlation function characteristic. For these reasons, it is more robust in multipath channels than the convention...

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Autores principales:	Jeongha An, Hyungin Ra, Changhyun Youn, Kiman Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	underwater acoustic communication linear frequency modulation nonlinear frequency modulation generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation ambiguity function correlation function Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f519d213735b4f57a1617a2d4e20a4a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f519d213735b4f57a1617a2d4e20a4a42021-11-11T19:10:57ZExperimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform10.3390/s212171941424-8220https://doaj.org/article/f519d213735b4f57a1617a2d4e20a4a42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7194https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220In this paper, we propose underwater acoustic (UWA) communications using a generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation (GSFM) waveform, which has a distinct ambiguity function (AF) and correlation function characteristic. For these reasons, it is more robust in multipath channels than the conventional chirp spread spectrum (CSS) with a linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform. Four types of GSFM waveforms that are orthogonal to each other are applied for each symbol in the proposed method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compared the performances of the proposed method and conventional method by conducting diverse experiments: simulations, lake trials and sea trials. In the simulation results, the proposed method shows better performance than the conventional method. The lake trial was conducted with a distance of 300~400 m between the transmitter and receiver. As a result of the experiment, the average bit error rate (BER) of the proposed method is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.52</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and that of the conventional method is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.52</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which shows that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method. The sea trial was conducted at a distance of approximately 20 km between the transmitter and receiver at a depth of 1500 m, and the receiver was composed of 16 vertical line arrays (VLAs) with a hydrophone. The proposed method had a BER of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in one channel and was error free in the other.Jeongha AnHyungin RaChanghyun YounKiman KimMDPI AGarticleunderwater acoustic communicationlinear frequency modulationnonlinear frequency modulationgeneralized sinusoidal frequency modulationambiguity functioncorrelation functionChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7194, p 7194 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	underwater acoustic communication linear frequency modulation nonlinear frequency modulation generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation ambiguity function correlation function Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	underwater acoustic communication linear frequency modulation nonlinear frequency modulation generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation ambiguity function correlation function Chemical technology TP1-1185 Jeongha An Hyungin Ra Changhyun Youn Kiman Kim Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform
description	In this paper, we propose underwater acoustic (UWA) communications using a generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation (GSFM) waveform, which has a distinct ambiguity function (AF) and correlation function characteristic. For these reasons, it is more robust in multipath channels than the conventional chirp spread spectrum (CSS) with a linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform. Four types of GSFM waveforms that are orthogonal to each other are applied for each symbol in the proposed method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compared the performances of the proposed method and conventional method by conducting diverse experiments: simulations, lake trials and sea trials. In the simulation results, the proposed method shows better performance than the conventional method. The lake trial was conducted with a distance of 300~400 m between the transmitter and receiver. As a result of the experiment, the average bit error rate (BER) of the proposed method is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.52</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and that of the conventional method is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.52</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which shows that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method. The sea trial was conducted at a distance of approximately 20 km between the transmitter and receiver at a depth of 1500 m, and the receiver was composed of 16 vertical line arrays (VLAs) with a hydrophone. The proposed method had a BER of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in one channel and was error free in the other.
format	article
author	Jeongha An Hyungin Ra Changhyun Youn Kiman Kim
author_facet	Jeongha An Hyungin Ra Changhyun Youn Kiman Kim
author_sort	Jeongha An
title	Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform
title_short	Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform
title_full	Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform
title_fullStr	Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform
title_full_unstemmed	Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform
title_sort	experimental results of underwater acoustic communication with nonlinear frequency modulation waveform
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f519d213735b4f57a1617a2d4e20a4a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT jeonghaan experimentalresultsofunderwateracousticcommunicationwithnonlinearfrequencymodulationwaveform AT hyunginra experimentalresultsofunderwateracousticcommunicationwithnonlinearfrequencymodulationwaveform AT changhyunyoun experimentalresultsofunderwateracousticcommunicationwithnonlinearfrequencymodulationwaveform AT kimankim experimentalresultsofunderwateracousticcommunicationwithnonlinearfrequencymodulationwaveform
_version_	1718431620921294848

Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform

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