Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus

Abstract After the largest Ebola virus outbreak in history, experts have attempted to answer how the Zaire ebolavirus species emerged in West Africa and caused chains of human-to-human transmission. The widespread and untimely infection of Health Care Workers (HCW) in the affected countries accelera...

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Autores principales:	Aidan M. Nikiforuk, Todd A. Cutts, Steven S. Theriault, Bradley W. M. Cook
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f5239b90f5184d60859b6810802c96bf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f5239b90f5184d60859b6810802c96bf2021-12-02T11:40:43ZChallenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus10.1038/s41598-017-04137-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f5239b90f5184d60859b6810802c96bf2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04137-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract After the largest Ebola virus outbreak in history, experts have attempted to answer how the Zaire ebolavirus species emerged in West Africa and caused chains of human-to-human transmission. The widespread and untimely infection of Health Care Workers (HCW) in the affected countries accelerated spread of the virus within the community. Among the reasons attributed to this trend, it must be considered that HCW were exposed to the virus in their occupational environment. The contribution of environmental conditions to the spread of Ebola in West Africa was examined by investigating the effect of temperature/humidity on the virus’s environmental persistence and by modeling if saturation (liquid stress) allows for penetration of Ebola virus through personal protective equipment (PPE). Ebola-Makona virus persisted on PPE and materials found in outbreak settings for less than 72 hours at 27 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH). A difference in virus penetration was observed between dry (5%, 1/21 tests) and saturated (33%, 7/21 tests) samples of PPE. Infectious virus particles penetrated through saturated coupons of Tyvek Micro Clean, Tychem QC, whole surgical masks and N95 respirators. These findings suggest inclusion of saturation or similar liquid stress simulation in protective equipment testing standards.Aidan M. NikiforukTodd A. CuttsSteven S. TheriaultBradley W. M. CookNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Aidan M. Nikiforuk Todd A. Cutts Steven S. Theriault Bradley W. M. Cook Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
description	Abstract After the largest Ebola virus outbreak in history, experts have attempted to answer how the Zaire ebolavirus species emerged in West Africa and caused chains of human-to-human transmission. The widespread and untimely infection of Health Care Workers (HCW) in the affected countries accelerated spread of the virus within the community. Among the reasons attributed to this trend, it must be considered that HCW were exposed to the virus in their occupational environment. The contribution of environmental conditions to the spread of Ebola in West Africa was examined by investigating the effect of temperature/humidity on the virus’s environmental persistence and by modeling if saturation (liquid stress) allows for penetration of Ebola virus through personal protective equipment (PPE). Ebola-Makona virus persisted on PPE and materials found in outbreak settings for less than 72 hours at 27 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH). A difference in virus penetration was observed between dry (5%, 1/21 tests) and saturated (33%, 7/21 tests) samples of PPE. Infectious virus particles penetrated through saturated coupons of Tyvek Micro Clean, Tychem QC, whole surgical masks and N95 respirators. These findings suggest inclusion of saturation or similar liquid stress simulation in protective equipment testing standards.
format	article
author	Aidan M. Nikiforuk Todd A. Cutts Steven S. Theriault Bradley W. M. Cook
author_facet	Aidan M. Nikiforuk Todd A. Cutts Steven S. Theriault Bradley W. M. Cook
author_sort	Aidan M. Nikiforuk
title	Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
title_short	Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
title_full	Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
title_fullStr	Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
title_full_unstemmed	Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
title_sort	challenge of liquid stressed protective materials and environmental persistence of ebola virus
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/f5239b90f5184d60859b6810802c96bf
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Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus

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