Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.

Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surf...

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Autores principales:	Julia Reisser, Jeremy Shaw, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Maira Proietti, David K A Barnes, Michele Thums, Chris Wilcox, Britta Denise Hardesty, Charitha Pattiaratchi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f5578669896f4ec5a323aadeb8af1688
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f5578669896f4ec5a323aadeb8af16882021-11-18T08:15:14ZMillimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0100289https://doaj.org/article/f5578669896f4ec5a323aadeb8af16882014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24941218/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7-24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded 'epiplastic' coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic millimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated.Julia ReisserJeremy ShawGustaaf HallegraeffMaira ProiettiDavid K A BarnesMichele ThumsChris WilcoxBritta Denise HardestyCharitha PattiaratchiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e100289 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julia Reisser Jeremy Shaw Gustaaf Hallegraeff Maira Proietti David K A Barnes Michele Thums Chris Wilcox Britta Denise Hardesty Charitha Pattiaratchi Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
description	Millimeter-sized plastics are abundant in most marine surface waters, and known to carry fouling organisms that potentially play key roles in the fate and ecological impacts of plastic pollution. In this study we used scanning electron microscopy to characterize biodiversity of organisms on the surface of 68 small floating plastics (length range = 1.7-24.3 mm, median = 3.2 mm) from Australia-wide coastal and oceanic, tropical to temperate sample collections. Diatoms were the most diverse group of plastic colonizers, represented by 14 genera. We also recorded 'epiplastic' coccolithophores (7 genera), bryozoans, barnacles (Lepas spp.), a dinoflagellate (Ceratium), an isopod (Asellota), a marine worm, marine insect eggs (Halobates sp.), as well as rounded, elongated, and spiral cells putatively identified as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Furthermore, we observed a variety of plastic surface microtextures, including pits and grooves conforming to the shape of microorganisms, suggesting that biota may play an important role in plastic degradation. This study highlights how anthropogenic millimeter-sized polymers have created a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. The ecological ramifications of this phenomenon for marine organism dispersal, ocean productivity, and biotransfer of plastic-associated pollutants, remains to be elucidated.
format	article
author	Julia Reisser Jeremy Shaw Gustaaf Hallegraeff Maira Proietti David K A Barnes Michele Thums Chris Wilcox Britta Denise Hardesty Charitha Pattiaratchi
author_facet	Julia Reisser Jeremy Shaw Gustaaf Hallegraeff Maira Proietti David K A Barnes Michele Thums Chris Wilcox Britta Denise Hardesty Charitha Pattiaratchi
author_sort	Julia Reisser
title	Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
title_short	Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
title_full	Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
title_fullStr	Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
title_full_unstemmed	Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
title_sort	millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/f5578669896f4ec5a323aadeb8af1688
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Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates.

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