Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica

Abstract Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of these microbial populations, the type of metabolism a...

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Autores principales:	Emma Martinez-Alonso, Sonia Pena-Perez, Sandra Serrano, Eva Garcia-Lopez, Alberto Alcazar, Cristina Cid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f57bbf2e32ef485a8f8316343916418c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f57bbf2e32ef485a8f8316343916418c2021-12-02T15:09:57ZTaxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica10.1038/s41598-019-47994-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f57bbf2e32ef485a8f8316343916418c2019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47994-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of these microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. Three ecosystems can be differentiated in glaciers: supraglacial, subglacial and englacial ecosystems. Firstly, the supraglacial ecosystem, sunlit and oxygenated, is predominantly populated by photoautotrophic microorganisms. Secondly, the subglacial ecosystem contains a majority of chemoautotrophs that are fed on the mineral salts of the rocks and basal soil. Lastly, the englacial ecosystem is the least studied and the one that contains the smallest number of microorganisms. However, these unknown englacial microorganisms establish a food web and appear to have an active metabolism. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of englacial ice were taken from an Antarctic glacier. Microorganisms were analyzed by a polyphasic approach that combines a set of -omic techniques: 16S rRNA sequencing, culturomics and metaproteomics. This combination provides key information about diversity and functions of microbial populations, especially in rare habitats. Several whole essential proteins and enzymes related to metabolism and energy production, recombination and translation were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures. In this way it is shown that the englacial microorganisms are not quiescent, but that they maintain an active metabolism and play an important role in the glacial microbial community.Emma Martinez-AlonsoSonia Pena-PerezSandra SerranoEva Garcia-LopezAlberto AlcazarCristina CidNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emma Martinez-Alonso Sonia Pena-Perez Sandra Serrano Eva Garcia-Lopez Alberto Alcazar Cristina Cid Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica
description	Abstract Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of these microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. Three ecosystems can be differentiated in glaciers: supraglacial, subglacial and englacial ecosystems. Firstly, the supraglacial ecosystem, sunlit and oxygenated, is predominantly populated by photoautotrophic microorganisms. Secondly, the subglacial ecosystem contains a majority of chemoautotrophs that are fed on the mineral salts of the rocks and basal soil. Lastly, the englacial ecosystem is the least studied and the one that contains the smallest number of microorganisms. However, these unknown englacial microorganisms establish a food web and appear to have an active metabolism. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of englacial ice were taken from an Antarctic glacier. Microorganisms were analyzed by a polyphasic approach that combines a set of -omic techniques: 16S rRNA sequencing, culturomics and metaproteomics. This combination provides key information about diversity and functions of microbial populations, especially in rare habitats. Several whole essential proteins and enzymes related to metabolism and energy production, recombination and translation were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures. In this way it is shown that the englacial microorganisms are not quiescent, but that they maintain an active metabolism and play an important role in the glacial microbial community.
format	article
author	Emma Martinez-Alonso Sonia Pena-Perez Sandra Serrano Eva Garcia-Lopez Alberto Alcazar Cristina Cid
author_facet	Emma Martinez-Alonso Sonia Pena-Perez Sandra Serrano Eva Garcia-Lopez Alberto Alcazar Cristina Cid
author_sort	Emma Martinez-Alonso
title	Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica
title_short	Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica
title_full	Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica
title_fullStr	Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica
title_full_unstemmed	Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica
title_sort	taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in deception island, antarctica
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/f57bbf2e32ef485a8f8316343916418c
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Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica

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