Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous

Abstract A positive effect of photoneuromodulation (PNM) has been found on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy populations. However, the hemodynamic changes associated with improved cognitive functions (i.e., memory and executive functions) are unexplored. Therefore, the present study inves...

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Autores principales:	Agnes S. Chan, Tsz-lok Lee, Michael R. Hamblin, Mei-chun Cheung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f5cd7bde671a43c8bac99f967111043e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f5cd7bde671a43c8bac99f967111043e2021-12-02T14:33:51ZPhotoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous10.1038/s41598-021-93228-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f5cd7bde671a43c8bac99f967111043e2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93228-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A positive effect of photoneuromodulation (PNM) has been found on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy populations. However, the hemodynamic changes associated with improved cognitive functions (i.e., memory and executive functions) are unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated the hemodynamic changes associated with PNM using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this experiment, 33 young healthy adults were recruited and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single PNM stimulation was applied to the forehead in the experimental group, while a sham stimulation (same procedure without machine activation) was performed for the control group. Before and after the stimulation, all participants performed an n-back task with 0-and 3-back conditions to assess their working memory function, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured by fNIRS. A significant group (experimental vs. control) × time (before vs. after PNM) interaction in memory-related frontal activation was found. Specifically, only the experimental group had a significant reduction in frontal hemodynamic levels during the difficult task. Additionally, the memory-related frontal activation was significantly correlated with the immediate and delayed recall of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test assessed at baseline. Therefore, PNM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks with high memory loads.Agnes S. ChanTsz-lok LeeMichael R. HamblinMei-chun CheungNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Agnes S. Chan Tsz-lok Lee Michael R. Hamblin Mei-chun Cheung Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
description	Abstract A positive effect of photoneuromodulation (PNM) has been found on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy populations. However, the hemodynamic changes associated with improved cognitive functions (i.e., memory and executive functions) are unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated the hemodynamic changes associated with PNM using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this experiment, 33 young healthy adults were recruited and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single PNM stimulation was applied to the forehead in the experimental group, while a sham stimulation (same procedure without machine activation) was performed for the control group. Before and after the stimulation, all participants performed an n-back task with 0-and 3-back conditions to assess their working memory function, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured by fNIRS. A significant group (experimental vs. control) × time (before vs. after PNM) interaction in memory-related frontal activation was found. Specifically, only the experimental group had a significant reduction in frontal hemodynamic levels during the difficult task. Additionally, the memory-related frontal activation was significantly correlated with the immediate and delayed recall of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test assessed at baseline. Therefore, PNM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks with high memory loads.
format	article
author	Agnes S. Chan Tsz-lok Lee Michael R. Hamblin Mei-chun Cheung
author_facet	Agnes S. Chan Tsz-lok Lee Michael R. Hamblin Mei-chun Cheung
author_sort	Agnes S. Chan
title	Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
title_short	Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
title_full	Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
title_fullStr	Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
title_full_unstemmed	Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
title_sort	photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f5cd7bde671a43c8bac99f967111043e
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Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous

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