Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills

Solar still, a small equipment using evaporation and condensation processes to get clean water, is expected to be widely used for sea/brackish water desalination, water purification, and wastewater treatment because of its convenient carrying, friendly environment, and low energy consumption. In rec...

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Autores principales:	He Fu, Min Dai, Hanwen Song, Xiaoting Hou, Fahid Riaz, Shuai Li, Ke Yang, Imran Ali, Changsheng Peng, Muhammad Sultan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	solar still productivity enhancement evaporation rate condensation rate review Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f5e71c583ee84c11bd13fc5adccde4ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f5e71c583ee84c11bd13fc5adccde4ed2021-11-11T15:51:46ZUpdates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills10.3390/en142170501996-1073https://doaj.org/article/f5e71c583ee84c11bd13fc5adccde4ed2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7050https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Solar still, a small equipment using evaporation and condensation processes to get clean water, is expected to be widely used for sea/brackish water desalination, water purification, and wastewater treatment because of its convenient carrying, friendly environment, and low energy consumption. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in improving the productivity of solar still. This paper will reclassify the methods to improve the solar still by elevating the evaporation rate and condensation rate. The main methods increasing evaporation rate are as follows: (i) adding heat storage materials; (ii) using nanoparticles; (iii) changing structure of the absorption plate; and (iv) using photothermal materials. The primary methods increasing the condensation rate are as follows: (i) cooling the condensing surface; (ii) increasing the condensation area; (iii) changing the wettability of the condensing surface; and (iv) using a separate condenser. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Furthermore, this paper includes an economic analysis of current solar stills and a forecast of future developments. The freshwater cost of solar still is in the range of about USD 0.0061–0.277/L, which provides reference and direction for future researching solar stills on their low cost and high productivity.He FuMin DaiHanwen SongXiaoting HouFahid RiazShuai LiKe YangImran AliChangsheng PengMuhammad SultanMDPI AGarticlesolar stillproductivity enhancementevaporation ratecondensation ratereviewTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7050, p 7050 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	solar still productivity enhancement evaporation rate condensation rate review Technology T
spellingShingle	solar still productivity enhancement evaporation rate condensation rate review Technology T He Fu Min Dai Hanwen Song Xiaoting Hou Fahid Riaz Shuai Li Ke Yang Imran Ali Changsheng Peng Muhammad Sultan Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills
description	Solar still, a small equipment using evaporation and condensation processes to get clean water, is expected to be widely used for sea/brackish water desalination, water purification, and wastewater treatment because of its convenient carrying, friendly environment, and low energy consumption. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in improving the productivity of solar still. This paper will reclassify the methods to improve the solar still by elevating the evaporation rate and condensation rate. The main methods increasing evaporation rate are as follows: (i) adding heat storage materials; (ii) using nanoparticles; (iii) changing structure of the absorption plate; and (iv) using photothermal materials. The primary methods increasing the condensation rate are as follows: (i) cooling the condensing surface; (ii) increasing the condensation area; (iii) changing the wettability of the condensing surface; and (iv) using a separate condenser. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Furthermore, this paper includes an economic analysis of current solar stills and a forecast of future developments. The freshwater cost of solar still is in the range of about USD 0.0061–0.277/L, which provides reference and direction for future researching solar stills on their low cost and high productivity.
format	article
author	He Fu Min Dai Hanwen Song Xiaoting Hou Fahid Riaz Shuai Li Ke Yang Imran Ali Changsheng Peng Muhammad Sultan
author_facet	He Fu Min Dai Hanwen Song Xiaoting Hou Fahid Riaz Shuai Li Ke Yang Imran Ali Changsheng Peng Muhammad Sultan
author_sort	He Fu
title	Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills
title_short	Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills
title_full	Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills
title_fullStr	Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills
title_full_unstemmed	Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills
title_sort	updates on evaporation and condensation methods for the performance improvement of solar stills
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f5e71c583ee84c11bd13fc5adccde4ed
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Updates on Evaporation and Condensation Methods for the Performance Improvement of Solar Stills

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