Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogen emergence is central to mitigating the impacts of novel infectious disease agents. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is an emerging pathogen of amphibians that has been implicated in amphibian declines worldwide. Bd is the only...

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Autores principales:	Suzanne Joneson, Jason E Stajich, Shin-Han Shiu, Erica Bree Rosenblum
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f5faf116b75d4ea0a7ca0b982a21fbd0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f5faf116b75d4ea0a7ca0b982a21fbd02021-11-18T06:05:11ZGenomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002338https://doaj.org/article/f5faf116b75d4ea0a7ca0b982a21fbd02011-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22072962/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogen emergence is central to mitigating the impacts of novel infectious disease agents. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is an emerging pathogen of amphibians that has been implicated in amphibian declines worldwide. Bd is the only member of its clade known to attack vertebrates. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of - or evolutionary transition to - pathogenicity in Bd. Here we sequence the genome of Bd's closest known relative - a non-pathogenic chytrid Homolaphlyctis polyrhiza (Hp). We first describe the genome of Hp, which is comparable to other chytrid genomes in size and number of predicted proteins. We then compare the genomes of Hp, Bd, and 19 additional fungal genomes to identify unique or recent evolutionary elements in the Bd genome. We identified 1,974 Bd-specific genes, a gene set that is enriched for protease, lipase, and microbial effector Gene Ontology terms. We describe significant lineage-specific expansions in three Bd protease families (metallo-, serine-type, and aspartyl proteases). We show that these protease gene family expansions occurred after the divergence of Bd and Hp from their common ancestor and thus are localized to the Bd branch. Finally, we demonstrate that the timing of the protease gene family expansions predates the emergence of Bd as a globally important amphibian pathogen.Suzanne JonesonJason E StajichShin-Han ShiuErica Bree RosenblumPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e1002338 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Suzanne Joneson Jason E Stajich Shin-Han Shiu Erica Bree Rosenblum Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
description	Understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogen emergence is central to mitigating the impacts of novel infectious disease agents. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is an emerging pathogen of amphibians that has been implicated in amphibian declines worldwide. Bd is the only member of its clade known to attack vertebrates. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of - or evolutionary transition to - pathogenicity in Bd. Here we sequence the genome of Bd's closest known relative - a non-pathogenic chytrid Homolaphlyctis polyrhiza (Hp). We first describe the genome of Hp, which is comparable to other chytrid genomes in size and number of predicted proteins. We then compare the genomes of Hp, Bd, and 19 additional fungal genomes to identify unique or recent evolutionary elements in the Bd genome. We identified 1,974 Bd-specific genes, a gene set that is enriched for protease, lipase, and microbial effector Gene Ontology terms. We describe significant lineage-specific expansions in three Bd protease families (metallo-, serine-type, and aspartyl proteases). We show that these protease gene family expansions occurred after the divergence of Bd and Hp from their common ancestor and thus are localized to the Bd branch. Finally, we demonstrate that the timing of the protease gene family expansions predates the emergence of Bd as a globally important amphibian pathogen.
format	article
author	Suzanne Joneson Jason E Stajich Shin-Han Shiu Erica Bree Rosenblum
author_facet	Suzanne Joneson Jason E Stajich Shin-Han Shiu Erica Bree Rosenblum
author_sort	Suzanne Joneson
title	Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
title_short	Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
title_full	Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
title_fullStr	Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
title_full_unstemmed	Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
title_sort	genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/f5faf116b75d4ea0a7ca0b982a21fbd0
work_keys_str_mv	AT suzannejoneson genomictransitiontopathogenicityinchytridfungi AT jasonestajich genomictransitiontopathogenicityinchytridfungi AT shinhanshiu genomictransitiontopathogenicityinchytridfungi AT ericabreerosenblum genomictransitiontopathogenicityinchytridfungi
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Genomic transition to pathogenicity in chytrid fungi.

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