The paradox of second-order homophily in networks

Abstract Homophily—the tendency of nodes to connect to others of the same type—is a central issue in the study of networks. Here we take a local view of homophily, defining notions of first-order homophily of a node (its individual tendency to link to similar others) and second-order homophily of a...

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Autores principales:	Anna Evtushenko, Jon Kleinberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f6020617828c4696b74184ec60004471
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f6020617828c4696b74184ec600044712021-12-02T17:12:18ZThe paradox of second-order homophily in networks10.1038/s41598-021-92719-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f6020617828c4696b74184ec600044712021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92719-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Homophily—the tendency of nodes to connect to others of the same type—is a central issue in the study of networks. Here we take a local view of homophily, defining notions of first-order homophily of a node (its individual tendency to link to similar others) and second-order homophily of a node (the aggregate first-order homophily of its neighbors). Through this view, we find a surprising result for homophily values that applies with only minimal assumptions on the graph topology. It can be phrased most simply as “in a graph of red and blue nodes, red friends of red nodes are on average more homophilous than red friends of blue nodes”. This gap in averages defies simple intuitive explanations, applies to globally heterophilous and homophilous networks and is reminiscent of but structually distinct from the Friendship Paradox. The existence of this gap suggests intrinsic biases in homophily measurements between groups, and hence is relevant to empirical studies of homophily in networks.Anna EvtushenkoJon KleinbergNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Anna Evtushenko Jon Kleinberg The paradox of second-order homophily in networks
description	Abstract Homophily—the tendency of nodes to connect to others of the same type—is a central issue in the study of networks. Here we take a local view of homophily, defining notions of first-order homophily of a node (its individual tendency to link to similar others) and second-order homophily of a node (the aggregate first-order homophily of its neighbors). Through this view, we find a surprising result for homophily values that applies with only minimal assumptions on the graph topology. It can be phrased most simply as “in a graph of red and blue nodes, red friends of red nodes are on average more homophilous than red friends of blue nodes”. This gap in averages defies simple intuitive explanations, applies to globally heterophilous and homophilous networks and is reminiscent of but structually distinct from the Friendship Paradox. The existence of this gap suggests intrinsic biases in homophily measurements between groups, and hence is relevant to empirical studies of homophily in networks.
format	article
author	Anna Evtushenko Jon Kleinberg
author_facet	Anna Evtushenko Jon Kleinberg
author_sort	Anna Evtushenko
title	The paradox of second-order homophily in networks
title_short	The paradox of second-order homophily in networks
title_full	The paradox of second-order homophily in networks
title_fullStr	The paradox of second-order homophily in networks
title_full_unstemmed	The paradox of second-order homophily in networks
title_sort	paradox of second-order homophily in networks
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f6020617828c4696b74184ec60004471
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The paradox of second-order homophily in networks

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