Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery

Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stre...

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Autores principales:	Marisa Market, Gayashan Tennakoon, Rebecca C. Auer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	surgery natural killer cells immune suppression cellular immunity cancer Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f66239d8faaa45bfaf18f0223252f23e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f66239d8faaa45bfaf18f0223252f23e2021-11-11T16:51:10ZPostoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery10.3390/ijms2221113781422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/f66239d8faaa45bfaf18f0223252f23e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11378https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases immediately following surgery. The following review will highlight the mechanisms that promote the formation of micrometastases by directly or indirectly inducing NK cell suppression following surgery. These include tissue hypoxia, neuroendocrine activation, hypercoagulation, the pro-inflammatory phase, and the anti-inflammatory phase. Perioperative therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or reverse NK cell dysfunction will also be examined for their potential to improve cancer outcomes by preventing surgery-induced metastases.Marisa MarketGayashan TennakoonRebecca C. AuerMDPI AGarticlesurgerynatural killer cellsimmune suppressioncellular immunitycancerBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11378, p 11378 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	surgery natural killer cells immune suppression cellular immunity cancer Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	surgery natural killer cells immune suppression cellular immunity cancer Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Marisa Market Gayashan Tennakoon Rebecca C. Auer Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery
description	Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases immediately following surgery. The following review will highlight the mechanisms that promote the formation of micrometastases by directly or indirectly inducing NK cell suppression following surgery. These include tissue hypoxia, neuroendocrine activation, hypercoagulation, the pro-inflammatory phase, and the anti-inflammatory phase. Perioperative therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or reverse NK cell dysfunction will also be examined for their potential to improve cancer outcomes by preventing surgery-induced metastases.
format	article
author	Marisa Market Gayashan Tennakoon Rebecca C. Auer
author_facet	Marisa Market Gayashan Tennakoon Rebecca C. Auer
author_sort	Marisa Market
title	Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery
title_short	Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery
title_full	Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery
title_fullStr	Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery
title_full_unstemmed	Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery
title_sort	postoperative natural killer cell dysfunction: the prime suspect in the case of metastasis following curative cancer surgery
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f66239d8faaa45bfaf18f0223252f23e
work_keys_str_mv	AT marisamarket postoperativenaturalkillercelldysfunctiontheprimesuspectinthecaseofmetastasisfollowingcurativecancersurgery AT gayashantennakoon postoperativenaturalkillercelldysfunctiontheprimesuspectinthecaseofmetastasisfollowingcurativecancersurgery AT rebeccacauer postoperativenaturalkillercelldysfunctiontheprimesuspectinthecaseofmetastasisfollowingcurativecancersurgery
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Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery

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