Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history

Abstract Social insect colonies exhibit a variety of life history strategies, from the annual, semelparous colonies of temperate bees and wasps to the long-lived colonies of many ants and honeybees. Species introduced to novel habitats may exhibit plasticity in life history strategies as a result of...

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Autores principales:	Kevin J. Loope, Erin E. Wilson Rankin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f667d9d1ffc14f349e08fdc41e5937c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f667d9d1ffc14f349e08fdc41e5937c82021-12-02T15:42:59ZViral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history10.1038/s41598-021-89607-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f667d9d1ffc14f349e08fdc41e5937c82021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89607-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Social insect colonies exhibit a variety of life history strategies, from the annual, semelparous colonies of temperate bees and wasps to the long-lived colonies of many ants and honeybees. Species introduced to novel habitats may exhibit plasticity in life history strategies as a result of the introduction, but the factors governing these changes often remain obscure. Vespula pensylvanica, a yellowjacket wasp, exhibits such plasticity in colony longevity. Multi-year (perennial) colonies are relatively common in introduced populations in Hawaii, while source populations in the western United States are typically on an annual cycle. Here, we use experiments and observational data to examine how diet, disease, nest thermal environment, and nest location influence colony longevity in a population with both annual and perennial colonies. Counter to our predictions, experimental feeding and warming did not increase colony survival in the winter in the introduced range. However, Moku Virus load and wasp colony density predicted colony survival in one year, suggesting a potential role for disease in modulating colony phenology. We also found that local V. pensylvanica colony density was positively correlated with Moku Virus loads, and that Arsenophonus sp. bacterial loads in V. pensylvanica colonies were positively associated with proximity to feral honeybee (Apis mellifera) hives, suggesting potential transmission routes for these poorly understood symbionts. The factors influencing colony longevity in this population are likely multiple and interactive. More important than food availability, we propose winter precipitation as a critical factor that may explain temporal and spatial variation in colony longevity in these invasive wasps.Kevin J. LoopeErin E. Wilson RankinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kevin J. Loope Erin E. Wilson Rankin Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
description	Abstract Social insect colonies exhibit a variety of life history strategies, from the annual, semelparous colonies of temperate bees and wasps to the long-lived colonies of many ants and honeybees. Species introduced to novel habitats may exhibit plasticity in life history strategies as a result of the introduction, but the factors governing these changes often remain obscure. Vespula pensylvanica, a yellowjacket wasp, exhibits such plasticity in colony longevity. Multi-year (perennial) colonies are relatively common in introduced populations in Hawaii, while source populations in the western United States are typically on an annual cycle. Here, we use experiments and observational data to examine how diet, disease, nest thermal environment, and nest location influence colony longevity in a population with both annual and perennial colonies. Counter to our predictions, experimental feeding and warming did not increase colony survival in the winter in the introduced range. However, Moku Virus load and wasp colony density predicted colony survival in one year, suggesting a potential role for disease in modulating colony phenology. We also found that local V. pensylvanica colony density was positively correlated with Moku Virus loads, and that Arsenophonus sp. bacterial loads in V. pensylvanica colonies were positively associated with proximity to feral honeybee (Apis mellifera) hives, suggesting potential transmission routes for these poorly understood symbionts. The factors influencing colony longevity in this population are likely multiple and interactive. More important than food availability, we propose winter precipitation as a critical factor that may explain temporal and spatial variation in colony longevity in these invasive wasps.
format	article
author	Kevin J. Loope Erin E. Wilson Rankin
author_facet	Kevin J. Loope Erin E. Wilson Rankin
author_sort	Kevin J. Loope
title	Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
title_short	Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
title_full	Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
title_fullStr	Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
title_full_unstemmed	Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
title_sort	viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f667d9d1ffc14f349e08fdc41e5937c8
work_keys_str_mv	AT kevinjloope viralloadnotfoodavailabilityortemperaturepredictscolonylongevityinaninvasiveeusocialwaspwithplasticlifehistory AT erinewilsonrankin viralloadnotfoodavailabilityortemperaturepredictscolonylongevityinaninvasiveeusocialwaspwithplasticlifehistory
_version_	1718385848001495040

Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history

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