Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).

<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic and recognized neglected infectious disease. It has been observed that only a proportion of individuals exposed to pathogenic species of Leptospira become infected and develop clinically evident disease. Moreover, little informatio...

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Autores principales:	Lisa M Esteves, Sara M Bulhões, Claudia C Branco, Francisco M Mota, Clara Paiva, Rita Cabral, Maria Luisa Vieira, Luisa Mota-Vieira
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f67c3eefff434f22b07d2249fdf90a88
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f67c3eefff434f22b07d2249fdf90a882021-11-25T05:59:17ZHuman leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0108534https://doaj.org/article/f67c3eefff434f22b07d2249fdf90a882014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108534https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic and recognized neglected infectious disease. It has been observed that only a proportion of individuals exposed to pathogenic species of Leptospira become infected and develop clinically evident disease. Moreover, little information is available in subsequent reinfections. In the present study, we determine if a first infection with leptospirosis protects against subsequent reinfection, and investigate which of the host genetic factors are involved in the susceptibility and resistance to leptospirosis.<h4>Methodology and findings</h4>We conducted, in 2011, a retrospective hospital-based case-control study in the São Miguel Island population (Azores archipelago). In order to determine the seropositivity against pathogenic Leptospira after the first episode of leptospirosis, we performed a serological evaluation in 97 unrelated participants diagnosed with leptospirosis between 1992 and 2011. The results revealed that 46.4% of the 97 participants have circulating anti-Leptospira antibodies, and from these participants 35.6% maintained the seroprevalence for the same serogroup. Moreover, three of them were reinfected with unrelated Leptospira serovars. The genetic study was carried out by adding a control group composed of 470 unrelated healthy blood donors, also from São Miguel Island. Twenty five SNPs among twelve innate immune genes - IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL10, IL12RB1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, CD14, CISH, LTA and TNF - were genotyped, as well as HLA class I (-A and -B) genes. Association analysis indicates that genotypes -511GG (OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.01-2.56, p=0.04) in IL1β, +1196CG (OR=2.0, 95%CI 1.26-3.27, p=0.003) in IL12RB1, -292TA (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.06-2.1, p=0.03) and +3415CG (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.08-3.08, p=0.02), both in CISH confer susceptibility to pathogenic Leptospira.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The present study suggests some degree of long-term protection against leptospires with an attenuation of symptoms in case of reinfection. Moreover, our data supports the genetic influence of IL1β, IL12RB1 and CISH genes and the susceptibility to leptospirosis infection.Lisa M EstevesSara M BulhõesClaudia C BrancoFrancisco M MotaClara PaivaRita CabralMaria Luisa VieiraLuisa Mota-VieiraPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e108534 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lisa M Esteves Sara M Bulhões Claudia C Branco Francisco M Mota Clara Paiva Rita Cabral Maria Luisa Vieira Luisa Mota-Vieira Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).
description	<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic and recognized neglected infectious disease. It has been observed that only a proportion of individuals exposed to pathogenic species of Leptospira become infected and develop clinically evident disease. Moreover, little information is available in subsequent reinfections. In the present study, we determine if a first infection with leptospirosis protects against subsequent reinfection, and investigate which of the host genetic factors are involved in the susceptibility and resistance to leptospirosis.<h4>Methodology and findings</h4>We conducted, in 2011, a retrospective hospital-based case-control study in the São Miguel Island population (Azores archipelago). In order to determine the seropositivity against pathogenic Leptospira after the first episode of leptospirosis, we performed a serological evaluation in 97 unrelated participants diagnosed with leptospirosis between 1992 and 2011. The results revealed that 46.4% of the 97 participants have circulating anti-Leptospira antibodies, and from these participants 35.6% maintained the seroprevalence for the same serogroup. Moreover, three of them were reinfected with unrelated Leptospira serovars. The genetic study was carried out by adding a control group composed of 470 unrelated healthy blood donors, also from São Miguel Island. Twenty five SNPs among twelve innate immune genes - IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL10, IL12RB1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, CD14, CISH, LTA and TNF - were genotyped, as well as HLA class I (-A and -B) genes. Association analysis indicates that genotypes -511GG (OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.01-2.56, p=0.04) in IL1β, +1196CG (OR=2.0, 95%CI 1.26-3.27, p=0.003) in IL12RB1, -292TA (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.06-2.1, p=0.03) and +3415CG (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.08-3.08, p=0.02), both in CISH confer susceptibility to pathogenic Leptospira.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The present study suggests some degree of long-term protection against leptospires with an attenuation of symptoms in case of reinfection. Moreover, our data supports the genetic influence of IL1β, IL12RB1 and CISH genes and the susceptibility to leptospirosis infection.
format	article
author	Lisa M Esteves Sara M Bulhões Claudia C Branco Francisco M Mota Clara Paiva Rita Cabral Maria Luisa Vieira Luisa Mota-Vieira
author_facet	Lisa M Esteves Sara M Bulhões Claudia C Branco Francisco M Mota Clara Paiva Rita Cabral Maria Luisa Vieira Luisa Mota-Vieira
author_sort	Lisa M Esteves
title	Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).
title_short	Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).
title_full	Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).
title_fullStr	Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).
title_full_unstemmed	Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).
title_sort	human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of são miguel island (azores, portugal).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/f67c3eefff434f22b07d2249fdf90a88
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Human leptospirosis: seroreactivity and genetic susceptibility in the population of São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal).

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