A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time

Abstract It is well-established that the ability to freely recall information is driven by the extent to which the context at encoding is reinstated at retrieval. Still, when asked to judge the subjective quality of one’s memories giving Remember/Know (R/K) judgments, people tend to classify a subst...

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Autores principales:	Talya Sadeh, Rani Moran, Yonatan Stern, Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f6c7f32e7594467cae45e2686df3952e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f6c7f32e7594467cae45e2686df3952e2021-12-02T15:07:45ZA Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time10.1038/s41598-018-31401-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f6c7f32e7594467cae45e2686df3952e2018-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31401-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract It is well-established that the ability to freely recall information is driven by the extent to which the context at encoding is reinstated at retrieval. Still, when asked to judge the subjective quality of one’s memories giving Remember/Know (R/K) judgments, people tend to classify a substantial proportion of recalls as being devoid of context. We suggest that R- and K-recalls differ with regard to their reliance on context- and item-information, with R-recalls driven primarily by contextual-information (e.g., associations evoked by the study-items) and K-recalls driven primarily by information pertaining to the items (e.g., semantic information). Memory was tested both immediately after study and in a final free-recall test conducted ~20 minutes after encoding—a timescale which is akin to real-life events. In line with our predictions, as compared to K-recalls, R-recalls show stronger contextual effects, but similarly strong item-related effects over these timescales. Furthermore, drawing on theories regarding the forgetting of item- and contextual information, we hypothesized and found that R- and K-recalls are differentially affected by the passage of time. Our findings provide several converging pieces of evidence for differential roles of item and contextual information in driving recall and thus highlight the need to extend longstanding theories of free-recall to account for cases in which recall relies less on context.Talya SadehRani MoranYonatan SternYonatan Goshen-GottsteinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Talya Sadeh Rani Moran Yonatan Stern Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
description	Abstract It is well-established that the ability to freely recall information is driven by the extent to which the context at encoding is reinstated at retrieval. Still, when asked to judge the subjective quality of one’s memories giving Remember/Know (R/K) judgments, people tend to classify a substantial proportion of recalls as being devoid of context. We suggest that R- and K-recalls differ with regard to their reliance on context- and item-information, with R-recalls driven primarily by contextual-information (e.g., associations evoked by the study-items) and K-recalls driven primarily by information pertaining to the items (e.g., semantic information). Memory was tested both immediately after study and in a final free-recall test conducted ~20 minutes after encoding—a timescale which is akin to real-life events. In line with our predictions, as compared to K-recalls, R-recalls show stronger contextual effects, but similarly strong item-related effects over these timescales. Furthermore, drawing on theories regarding the forgetting of item- and contextual information, we hypothesized and found that R- and K-recalls are differentially affected by the passage of time. Our findings provide several converging pieces of evidence for differential roles of item and contextual information in driving recall and thus highlight the need to extend longstanding theories of free-recall to account for cases in which recall relies less on context.
format	article
author	Talya Sadeh Rani Moran Yonatan Stern Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein
author_facet	Talya Sadeh Rani Moran Yonatan Stern Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein
author_sort	Talya Sadeh
title	A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
title_short	A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
title_full	A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
title_fullStr	A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
title_full_unstemmed	A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
title_sort	remember/know examination of free-recall reveals dissociative roles of item- and context-information over time
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/f6c7f32e7594467cae45e2686df3952e
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A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time

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