Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?

Abstract Evolutionary radiations are one plausible explanation for the rich biodiversity on Earth. Adaptive radiations are the most studied form of evolutionary radiations, and ecological opportunity has been identified as one factor permitting them. Competition among individuals is supposedly highe...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin D. Wasiljew, Jobst Pfaender, Benjamin Wipfler, Mariam Gabelaia, Ilham Vemandra Utama, Letha Louisiana Wantania, Fabian Herder
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	3D geometric morphometrics adaptive radiation ecological character displacement intersexual niche differentiation sexual dimorphism Telmatherina Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f6f11069270f48d3bd08aed6e004ffed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f6f11069270f48d3bd08aed6e004ffed2021-11-08T17:10:40ZSexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?2045-775810.1002/ece3.8137https://doaj.org/article/f6f11069270f48d3bd08aed6e004ffed2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8137https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Evolutionary radiations are one plausible explanation for the rich biodiversity on Earth. Adaptive radiations are the most studied form of evolutionary radiations, and ecological opportunity has been identified as one factor permitting them. Competition among individuals is supposedly highest in populations of conspecifics. Divergent modes of resource use might minimize trophic overlap, and thus intersexual competition, resulting in ecological character displacement between sexes. However, the role of intersexual differentiation in speciation processes is insufficiently studied. The few studies available suggest that intersexual niche differentiation exists in adaptive radiations, but their role within the radiation, and the extent of differentiation within the organism itself, remains largely unexplored. Here, we test the hypothesis that multiple morphological structures are affected by intersexual niche differentiation in “roundfin” Telmatherina, the first case where intersexual niche differentiation was demonstrated in an adaptive fish radiation. We show that sexes of two of the three morphospecies differ in several structural components of the head, all of these are likely adaptive. Sexual dimorphism is linked to the respective morphospecies‐specific ecology and affects several axes of variation. Trait variation translates into different feeding modes, processing types, and habitat usages that add to interspecific variation in all three morphospecies. Intrasexual selection, that is, male–male competition, may contribute to variation in some of the traits, but appears unlikely in internal structures, which are invisible to other individuals. We conclude that intersexual variation adds to the adaptive diversity of roundfins and might play a key role in minimizing intersexual competition in emerging radiations.Benjamin D. WasiljewJobst PfaenderBenjamin WipflerMariam GabelaiaIlham Vemandra UtamaLetha Louisiana WantaniaFabian HerderWileyarticle3D geometric morphometricsadaptive radiationecological character displacementintersexual niche differentiationsexual dimorphismTelmatherinaEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 14615-14629 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3D geometric morphometrics adaptive radiation ecological character displacement intersexual niche differentiation sexual dimorphism Telmatherina Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	3D geometric morphometrics adaptive radiation ecological character displacement intersexual niche differentiation sexual dimorphism Telmatherina Ecology QH540-549.5 Benjamin D. Wasiljew Jobst Pfaender Benjamin Wipfler Mariam Gabelaia Ilham Vemandra Utama Letha Louisiana Wantania Fabian Herder Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
description	Abstract Evolutionary radiations are one plausible explanation for the rich biodiversity on Earth. Adaptive radiations are the most studied form of evolutionary radiations, and ecological opportunity has been identified as one factor permitting them. Competition among individuals is supposedly highest in populations of conspecifics. Divergent modes of resource use might minimize trophic overlap, and thus intersexual competition, resulting in ecological character displacement between sexes. However, the role of intersexual differentiation in speciation processes is insufficiently studied. The few studies available suggest that intersexual niche differentiation exists in adaptive radiations, but their role within the radiation, and the extent of differentiation within the organism itself, remains largely unexplored. Here, we test the hypothesis that multiple morphological structures are affected by intersexual niche differentiation in “roundfin” Telmatherina, the first case where intersexual niche differentiation was demonstrated in an adaptive fish radiation. We show that sexes of two of the three morphospecies differ in several structural components of the head, all of these are likely adaptive. Sexual dimorphism is linked to the respective morphospecies‐specific ecology and affects several axes of variation. Trait variation translates into different feeding modes, processing types, and habitat usages that add to interspecific variation in all three morphospecies. Intrasexual selection, that is, male–male competition, may contribute to variation in some of the traits, but appears unlikely in internal structures, which are invisible to other individuals. We conclude that intersexual variation adds to the adaptive diversity of roundfins and might play a key role in minimizing intersexual competition in emerging radiations.
format	article
author	Benjamin D. Wasiljew Jobst Pfaender Benjamin Wipfler Mariam Gabelaia Ilham Vemandra Utama Letha Louisiana Wantania Fabian Herder
author_facet	Benjamin D. Wasiljew Jobst Pfaender Benjamin Wipfler Mariam Gabelaia Ilham Vemandra Utama Letha Louisiana Wantania Fabian Herder
author_sort	Benjamin D. Wasiljew
title	Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
title_short	Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
title_full	Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
title_fullStr	Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
title_full_unstemmed	Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
title_sort	sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f6f11069270f48d3bd08aed6e004ffed
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Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement?

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