Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.

<h4>Background</h4>Studies of bone allometry typically use simple measurements taken in a small number of locations per bone; often the midshaft diameter or joint surface area is compared to body mass or bone length. However, bones must fulfil multiple roles simultaneously with minimum c...

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Autores principales:	Michael Doube, Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy, Per Christiansen, John R Hutchinson, Sandra Shefelbine
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f711298fdea047fa88c38bd698b19ccd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f711298fdea047fa88c38bd698b19ccd2021-11-25T06:16:51ZThree-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0004742https://doaj.org/article/f711298fdea047fa88c38bd698b19ccd2009-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19270749/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Studies of bone allometry typically use simple measurements taken in a small number of locations per bone; often the midshaft diameter or joint surface area is compared to body mass or bone length. However, bones must fulfil multiple roles simultaneously with minimum cost to the animal while meeting the structural requirements imposed by behaviour and locomotion, and not exceeding its capacity for adaptation and repair. We use entire bone volumes from the forelimbs and hindlimbs of Felidae (cats) to investigate regional complexities in bone allometry.<h4>Method/principal findings</h4>Computed tomographic (CT) images (16435 slices in 116 stacks) were made of 9 limb bones from each of 13 individuals of 9 feline species ranging in size from domestic cat (Felis catus) to tiger (Panthera tigris). Eleven geometric parameters were calculated for every CT slice and scaling exponents calculated at 5% increments along the entire length of each bone. Three-dimensional moments of inertia were calculated for each bone volume, and spherical radii were measured in the glenoid cavity, humeral head and femoral head. Allometry of the midshaft, moments of inertia and joint radii were determined. Allometry was highly variable and related to local bone function, with joint surfaces and muscle attachment sites generally showing stronger positive allometry than the midshaft.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Examining whole bones revealed that bone allometry is strongly affected by regional variations in bone function, presumably through mechanical effects on bone modelling. Bone's phenotypic plasticity may be an advantage during rapid evolutionary divergence by allowing exploitation of the full size range that a morphotype can occupy. Felids show bone allometry rather than postural change across their size range, unlike similar-sized animals.Michael DoubeAlexis Wiktorowicz-ConroyPer ChristiansenJohn R HutchinsonSandra ShefelbinePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 3, p e4742 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael Doube Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy Per Christiansen John R Hutchinson Sandra Shefelbine Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Studies of bone allometry typically use simple measurements taken in a small number of locations per bone; often the midshaft diameter or joint surface area is compared to body mass or bone length. However, bones must fulfil multiple roles simultaneously with minimum cost to the animal while meeting the structural requirements imposed by behaviour and locomotion, and not exceeding its capacity for adaptation and repair. We use entire bone volumes from the forelimbs and hindlimbs of Felidae (cats) to investigate regional complexities in bone allometry.<h4>Method/principal findings</h4>Computed tomographic (CT) images (16435 slices in 116 stacks) were made of 9 limb bones from each of 13 individuals of 9 feline species ranging in size from domestic cat (Felis catus) to tiger (Panthera tigris). Eleven geometric parameters were calculated for every CT slice and scaling exponents calculated at 5% increments along the entire length of each bone. Three-dimensional moments of inertia were calculated for each bone volume, and spherical radii were measured in the glenoid cavity, humeral head and femoral head. Allometry of the midshaft, moments of inertia and joint radii were determined. Allometry was highly variable and related to local bone function, with joint surfaces and muscle attachment sites generally showing stronger positive allometry than the midshaft.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Examining whole bones revealed that bone allometry is strongly affected by regional variations in bone function, presumably through mechanical effects on bone modelling. Bone's phenotypic plasticity may be an advantage during rapid evolutionary divergence by allowing exploitation of the full size range that a morphotype can occupy. Felids show bone allometry rather than postural change across their size range, unlike similar-sized animals.
format	article
author	Michael Doube Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy Per Christiansen John R Hutchinson Sandra Shefelbine
author_facet	Michael Doube Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy Per Christiansen John R Hutchinson Sandra Shefelbine
author_sort	Michael Doube
title	Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
title_short	Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
title_full	Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
title_fullStr	Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
title_full_unstemmed	Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
title_sort	three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/f711298fdea047fa88c38bd698b19ccd
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaeldoube threedimensionalgeometricanalysisoffelidlimbboneallometry AT alexiswiktorowiczconroy threedimensionalgeometricanalysisoffelidlimbboneallometry AT perchristiansen threedimensionalgeometricanalysisoffelidlimbboneallometry AT johnrhutchinson threedimensionalgeometricanalysisoffelidlimbboneallometry AT sandrashefelbine threedimensionalgeometricanalysisoffelidlimbboneallometry
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Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry.

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