Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications

Brenda I Machado1, Raquel M Suro2, Kristine M Garza2, Lawrence E Murr11Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 2Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USAAbstract: Aerosol particulates collected on filters from ballistic penetration and erosion events for W&...

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Autores principales:	Brenda I Machado, Raquel M Suro, Kristine M Garza, et al
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2011
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f721e8bde8254bea9c4217d0ba93eec5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f721e8bde8254bea9c4217d0ba93eec52021-12-02T04:46:20ZComparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/f721e8bde8254bea9c4217d0ba93eec52011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/comparative-microstructures-and-cytotoxicity-assays-for-ballistic-aero-a6095https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Brenda I Machado1, Raquel M Suro2, Kristine M Garza2, Lawrence E Murr11Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 2Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USAAbstract: Aerosol particulates collected on filters from ballistic penetration and erosion events for W&ndash;Ni&ndash;Co and W&ndash;Ni&ndash;Fe kinetic energy rod projectiles penetrating steel target plates were observed to be highly cytotoxic to human epithelial A549 lung cells in culture after 48 hours of exposure. The aerosol consisted of micron-sized Fe particulates and nanoparticulate aggregates consisting of W, Ni or W, Co, and some Fe, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and using energy-dispersive (X-ray) spectrometry for elemental analysis and mapping. Cytotoxic assays of manufactured micron-sized and nanosized metal particulates of W, Ni, Fe, and Co demonstrated that, consistent with many studies in the literature, only the nanoparticulate elements demonstrated measurable cytotoxicity. These results suggest the potential for very severe, short-term, human toxicity, in particular to the respiratory system on inhaling ballistic aerosols.Keywords: cytotoxicity assays, ballistic penetration, metal aerosols, micron-nanoparticulate analysis, microstructure, microchemical, analysis Brenda I MachadoRaquel M SuroKristine M Garzaet alDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2011, Iss default, Pp 167-178 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Brenda I Machado Raquel M Suro Kristine M Garza et al Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
description	Brenda I Machado1, Raquel M Suro2, Kristine M Garza2, Lawrence E Murr11Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 2Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USAAbstract: Aerosol particulates collected on filters from ballistic penetration and erosion events for W&ndash;Ni&ndash;Co and W&ndash;Ni&ndash;Fe kinetic energy rod projectiles penetrating steel target plates were observed to be highly cytotoxic to human epithelial A549 lung cells in culture after 48 hours of exposure. The aerosol consisted of micron-sized Fe particulates and nanoparticulate aggregates consisting of W, Ni or W, Co, and some Fe, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and using energy-dispersive (X-ray) spectrometry for elemental analysis and mapping. Cytotoxic assays of manufactured micron-sized and nanosized metal particulates of W, Ni, Fe, and Co demonstrated that, consistent with many studies in the literature, only the nanoparticulate elements demonstrated measurable cytotoxicity. These results suggest the potential for very severe, short-term, human toxicity, in particular to the respiratory system on inhaling ballistic aerosols.Keywords: cytotoxicity assays, ballistic penetration, metal aerosols, micron-nanoparticulate analysis, microstructure, microchemical, analysis
format	article
author	Brenda I Machado Raquel M Suro Kristine M Garza et al
author_facet	Brenda I Machado Raquel M Suro Kristine M Garza et al
author_sort	Brenda I Machado
title	Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
title_short	Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
title_full	Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
title_fullStr	Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
title_sort	comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/f721e8bde8254bea9c4217d0ba93eec5
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Comparative microstructures and cytotoxicity assays for ballistic aerosols composed of micrometals and nanometals: respiratory health implications

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