Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses

Wanru Guo,1 Harini Lakshminarayanan,2 Alex Rodriguez-Palacios,3– 6 Robert A Salata,7 Kaijin Xu,1 Mohamed S Draz7 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Trea...

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Autores principales:	Guo W, Lakshminarayanan H, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Salata RA, Xu K, Draz MS
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	glycan nanotechnology glycoproteins glycolipids coronaviruses sars-cov-2 diagnostics vaccine Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f722434bb95745da95a483fe0ad98e54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f722434bb95745da95a483fe0ad98e542021-12-02T18:47:47ZGlycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/f722434bb95745da95a483fe0ad98e542021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/glycan-nanostructures-of-human-coronaviruses-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Wanru Guo,1 Harini Lakshminarayanan,2 Alex Rodriguez-Palacios,3– 6 Robert A Salata,7 Kaijin Xu,1 Mohamed S Draz7 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; 4Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 5Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 6University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 7Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USACorrespondence: Mohamed S Draz; Kaijin Xu Email mxd665@case.edu; zdyxyxkj@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Human coronaviruses present a substantial global disease burden, causing damage to populations’ health, economy, and social well-being. Glycans are one of the main structural components of all microbes and organismic structures, including viruses—playing multiple essential roles in virus infection and immunity. Studying and understanding virus glycans at the nanoscale provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of viruses. Glycan nanostructures are considered potential targets for molecular diagnosis, antiviral therapeutics, and the development of vaccines. This review article describes glycan nanostructures (eg, glycoproteins and glycolipids) that exist in cells, subcellular structures, and microbes. We detail the structure, characterization, synthesis, and functions of virus glycans. Furthermore, we describe the glycan nanostructures of different human coronaviruses, such as human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), the Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and how glycan nanotechnology can be useful to prevent and combat human coronaviruses infections, along with possibilities that are not yet explored.Keywords: glycan, nanotechnology, glycoproteins, glycolipids, coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, diagnostics, vaccineGuo WLakshminarayanan HRodriguez-Palacios ASalata RAXu KDraz MSDove Medical Pressarticleglycannanotechnologyglycoproteinsglycolipidscoronavirusessars-cov-2diagnosticsvaccineMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 4813-4830 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glycan nanotechnology glycoproteins glycolipids coronaviruses sars-cov-2 diagnostics vaccine Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	glycan nanotechnology glycoproteins glycolipids coronaviruses sars-cov-2 diagnostics vaccine Medicine (General) R5-920 Guo W Lakshminarayanan H Rodriguez-Palacios A Salata RA Xu K Draz MS Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses
description	Wanru Guo,1 Harini Lakshminarayanan,2 Alex Rodriguez-Palacios,3– 6 Robert A Salata,7 Kaijin Xu,1 Mohamed S Draz7 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; 4Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 5Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 6University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 7Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USACorrespondence: Mohamed S Draz; Kaijin Xu Email mxd665@case.edu; zdyxyxkj@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Human coronaviruses present a substantial global disease burden, causing damage to populations’ health, economy, and social well-being. Glycans are one of the main structural components of all microbes and organismic structures, including viruses—playing multiple essential roles in virus infection and immunity. Studying and understanding virus glycans at the nanoscale provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of viruses. Glycan nanostructures are considered potential targets for molecular diagnosis, antiviral therapeutics, and the development of vaccines. This review article describes glycan nanostructures (eg, glycoproteins and glycolipids) that exist in cells, subcellular structures, and microbes. We detail the structure, characterization, synthesis, and functions of virus glycans. Furthermore, we describe the glycan nanostructures of different human coronaviruses, such as human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), the Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and how glycan nanotechnology can be useful to prevent and combat human coronaviruses infections, along with possibilities that are not yet explored.Keywords: glycan, nanotechnology, glycoproteins, glycolipids, coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, diagnostics, vaccine
format	article
author	Guo W Lakshminarayanan H Rodriguez-Palacios A Salata RA Xu K Draz MS
author_facet	Guo W Lakshminarayanan H Rodriguez-Palacios A Salata RA Xu K Draz MS
author_sort	Guo W
title	Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses
title_short	Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses
title_full	Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses
title_fullStr	Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses
title_full_unstemmed	Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses
title_sort	glycan nanostructures of human coronaviruses
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f722434bb95745da95a483fe0ad98e54
work_keys_str_mv	AT guow glycannanostructuresofhumancoronaviruses AT lakshminarayananh glycannanostructuresofhumancoronaviruses AT rodriguezpalaciosa glycannanostructuresofhumancoronaviruses AT salatara glycannanostructuresofhumancoronaviruses AT xuk glycannanostructuresofhumancoronaviruses AT drazms glycannanostructuresofhumancoronaviruses
_version_	1718377658577846272

Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses

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