Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>Leprosy elimination primarily targets transmission of Mycobacterium leprae which is not restricted to patients' households. As interruption of transmission is imminent in many countries, a test to detect infected asymptomatic individuals who can perpetuate transmi...

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Autores principales:	Louise Pierneef, Anouk van Hooij, Anneke Taal, Raisa Rumbaut, Mauricio Lisboa Nobre, Wim van Brakel, Annemieke Geluk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f72976ede2cd4c239adb0bd75f6fb491
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f72976ede2cd4c239adb0bd75f6fb4912021-12-02T20:23:36ZDetection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009667https://doaj.org/article/f72976ede2cd4c239adb0bd75f6fb4912021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009667https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Leprosy elimination primarily targets transmission of Mycobacterium leprae which is not restricted to patients' households. As interruption of transmission is imminent in many countries, a test to detect infected asymptomatic individuals who can perpetuate transmission is required. Antibodies directed against M. leprae antigens are indicative of M. leprae infection but cannot discriminate between active and past infection. Seroprevalence in young children, however, reflects recent M. leprae infection and may thus be used to monitor transmission in an area. Therefore, this literature review aimed to evaluate what has been reported on serological tests measuring anti-M. leprae antibodies in children without leprosy below the age of 15 in leprosy-endemic areas.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>A literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Infolep, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library. From the 724 articles identified through the search criteria, 28 full-text articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Two additional papers were identified through snowballing, resulting in a total of 30 articles reporting data from ten countries. All serological tests measured antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I or synthetic derivatives thereof, either quantitatively (ELISA or UCP-LFA) or qualitatively (ML-flow or NDO-LID rapid test). The median seroprevalence in children in endemic areas was 14.9% and was stable over time if disease incidence remained unchanged. Importantly, seroprevalence decreased with age, indicating that children are a suitable group for sensitive assessment of recent M. leprae infection. However, direct comparison between areas, solely based on the data reported in these studies, was impeded by the use of different tests and variable cut-off levels.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Quantitative anti-PGL-I serology in young children holds promise as a screening test to assess M. leprae infection and may be applied as a proxy for transmission and thereby as a means to monitor the effect of (prophylactic) interventions on the route to leprosy elimination.Louise PierneefAnouk van HooijAnneke TaalRaisa RumbautMauricio Lisboa NobreWim van BrakelAnnemieke GelukPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009667 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Louise Pierneef Anouk van Hooij Anneke Taal Raisa Rumbaut Mauricio Lisboa Nobre Wim van Brakel Annemieke Geluk Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Leprosy elimination primarily targets transmission of Mycobacterium leprae which is not restricted to patients' households. As interruption of transmission is imminent in many countries, a test to detect infected asymptomatic individuals who can perpetuate transmission is required. Antibodies directed against M. leprae antigens are indicative of M. leprae infection but cannot discriminate between active and past infection. Seroprevalence in young children, however, reflects recent M. leprae infection and may thus be used to monitor transmission in an area. Therefore, this literature review aimed to evaluate what has been reported on serological tests measuring anti-M. leprae antibodies in children without leprosy below the age of 15 in leprosy-endemic areas.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>A literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Infolep, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library. From the 724 articles identified through the search criteria, 28 full-text articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Two additional papers were identified through snowballing, resulting in a total of 30 articles reporting data from ten countries. All serological tests measured antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I or synthetic derivatives thereof, either quantitatively (ELISA or UCP-LFA) or qualitatively (ML-flow or NDO-LID rapid test). The median seroprevalence in children in endemic areas was 14.9% and was stable over time if disease incidence remained unchanged. Importantly, seroprevalence decreased with age, indicating that children are a suitable group for sensitive assessment of recent M. leprae infection. However, direct comparison between areas, solely based on the data reported in these studies, was impeded by the use of different tests and variable cut-off levels.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Quantitative anti-PGL-I serology in young children holds promise as a screening test to assess M. leprae infection and may be applied as a proxy for transmission and thereby as a means to monitor the effect of (prophylactic) interventions on the route to leprosy elimination.
format	article
author	Louise Pierneef Anouk van Hooij Anneke Taal Raisa Rumbaut Mauricio Lisboa Nobre Wim van Brakel Annemieke Geluk
author_facet	Louise Pierneef Anouk van Hooij Anneke Taal Raisa Rumbaut Mauricio Lisboa Nobre Wim van Brakel Annemieke Geluk
author_sort	Louise Pierneef
title	Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.
title_short	Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.
title_full	Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.
title_fullStr	Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.
title_sort	detection of anti-m. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: a systematic review.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f72976ede2cd4c239adb0bd75f6fb491
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Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review.

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