Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses

ABSTRACT Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are generally considered host specific and to have codiverged with their hosts over millions of years. This tenet is challenged here by broad-scale phylogenetic analysis of two viral genes using the largest sample of mammalian γHVs to date, integrating for the firs...

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Autores principales:	Marina Escalera-Zamudio, Edith Rojas-Anaya, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Blanca Taboada, Elizabeth Loza-Rubio, Maria L. Méndez-Ojeda, Carlos F. Arias, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Alex D. Greenwood
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f733bee12cab4ab39e3c40c5cd22498e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f733bee12cab4ab39e3c40c5cd22498e2021-11-15T15:50:15ZBats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses10.1128/mBio.01425-162150-7511https://doaj.org/article/f733bee12cab4ab39e3c40c5cd22498e2016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01425-16https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are generally considered host specific and to have codiverged with their hosts over millions of years. This tenet is challenged here by broad-scale phylogenetic analysis of two viral genes using the largest sample of mammalian γHVs to date, integrating for the first time bat γHV sequences available from public repositories and newly generated viral sequences from two vampire bat species (Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata). Bat and primate viruses frequently represented deep branches within the supported phylogenies and clustered among viruses from distantly related mammalian taxa. Following evolutionary scenario testing, we determined the number of host-switching and cospeciation events. Cross-species transmissions have occurred much more frequently than previously estimated, and most of the transmissions were attributable to bats and primates. We conclude that the evolution of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily has been driven by both cross-species transmissions and subsequent cospeciation within specific viral lineages and that the bat and primate orders may have potentially acted as superspreaders to other mammalian taxa throughout evolutionary history. IMPORTANCE It has long been believed that herpesviruses have coevolved with their hosts and are species specific. Nevertheless, a global evolutionary analysis of bat viruses in the context of other mammalian viruses, which could put this widely accepted view to the test, had not been undertaken until now. We present two main findings that may challenge the current view of γHV evolution: multiple host-switching events were observed at a higher rate than previously appreciated, and bats and primates harbor a large diversity of γHVs which may have led to increased cross-species transmissions from these taxa to other mammals.Marina Escalera-ZamudioEdith Rojas-AnayaSergios-Orestis KolokotronisBlanca TaboadaElizabeth Loza-RubioMaria L. Méndez-OjedaCarlos F. AriasNikolaus OsterriederAlex D. GreenwoodAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 6 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Marina Escalera-Zamudio Edith Rojas-Anaya Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Blanca Taboada Elizabeth Loza-Rubio Maria L. Méndez-Ojeda Carlos F. Arias Nikolaus Osterrieder Alex D. Greenwood Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses
description	ABSTRACT Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are generally considered host specific and to have codiverged with their hosts over millions of years. This tenet is challenged here by broad-scale phylogenetic analysis of two viral genes using the largest sample of mammalian γHVs to date, integrating for the first time bat γHV sequences available from public repositories and newly generated viral sequences from two vampire bat species (Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata). Bat and primate viruses frequently represented deep branches within the supported phylogenies and clustered among viruses from distantly related mammalian taxa. Following evolutionary scenario testing, we determined the number of host-switching and cospeciation events. Cross-species transmissions have occurred much more frequently than previously estimated, and most of the transmissions were attributable to bats and primates. We conclude that the evolution of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily has been driven by both cross-species transmissions and subsequent cospeciation within specific viral lineages and that the bat and primate orders may have potentially acted as superspreaders to other mammalian taxa throughout evolutionary history. IMPORTANCE It has long been believed that herpesviruses have coevolved with their hosts and are species specific. Nevertheless, a global evolutionary analysis of bat viruses in the context of other mammalian viruses, which could put this widely accepted view to the test, had not been undertaken until now. We present two main findings that may challenge the current view of γHV evolution: multiple host-switching events were observed at a higher rate than previously appreciated, and bats and primates harbor a large diversity of γHVs which may have led to increased cross-species transmissions from these taxa to other mammals.
format	article
author	Marina Escalera-Zamudio Edith Rojas-Anaya Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Blanca Taboada Elizabeth Loza-Rubio Maria L. Méndez-Ojeda Carlos F. Arias Nikolaus Osterrieder Alex D. Greenwood
author_facet	Marina Escalera-Zamudio Edith Rojas-Anaya Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Blanca Taboada Elizabeth Loza-Rubio Maria L. Méndez-Ojeda Carlos F. Arias Nikolaus Osterrieder Alex D. Greenwood
author_sort	Marina Escalera-Zamudio
title	Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses
title_short	Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses
title_full	Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses
title_fullStr	Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses
title_full_unstemmed	Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses
title_sort	bats, primates, and the evolutionary origins and diversification of mammalian gammaherpesviruses
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/f733bee12cab4ab39e3c40c5cd22498e
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Bats, Primates, and the Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mammalian Gammaherpesviruses

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