Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis

Population studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have revealed no relationship between iron status and breast cancer, a weak positive association, or a small protective effect of low iron status. However, in those studies, the authors concluded that further investigation was merited. The se...

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Autores principales:	Henry J. Thompson, Elizabeth S. Neil, John N. McGinley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	iron breast cancer oxidative damage Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f764a0cad5564b20b8c3ce54779732e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f764a0cad5564b20b8c3ce54779732e12021-11-25T16:50:12ZPre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis10.3390/biomedicines91116522227-9059https://doaj.org/article/f764a0cad5564b20b8c3ce54779732e12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1652https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Population studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have revealed no relationship between iron status and breast cancer, a weak positive association, or a small protective effect of low iron status. However, in those studies, the authors concluded that further investigation was merited. The set of experiments reported here used preclinical models to assess the likely value of further investigation. The effects of iron status on the initiation and promotion stage of mammary carcinogenesis are reported. Using the classical model of cancer initiation in the mammary gland, 7,12 dimethyl-benz[α]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis was unaffected by iron status. Similarly, excess iron intake showed no effect on the promotion stage of 1-methyl-1-nitrosurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, though iron deficiency exerted a specific inhibitory effect on the carcinogenic process. Though iron-mediated cellular oxidation is frequently cited as a potential mechanism for effects on breast cancer, no evidence of increased oxidative damage to DNA attributable to excess iron intake was found. The reported preclinical data fail to provide convincing evidence that the further evaluation of the iron–breast cancer risk hypotheses is warranted and underscore the value of redefining the referent group in population-based studies of iron–cancer hypotheses in other tissues.Henry J. ThompsonElizabeth S. NeilJohn N. McGinleyMDPI AGarticleironbreast canceroxidative damageBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1652, p 1652 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	iron breast cancer oxidative damage Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	iron breast cancer oxidative damage Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Henry J. Thompson Elizabeth S. Neil John N. McGinley Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
description	Population studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have revealed no relationship between iron status and breast cancer, a weak positive association, or a small protective effect of low iron status. However, in those studies, the authors concluded that further investigation was merited. The set of experiments reported here used preclinical models to assess the likely value of further investigation. The effects of iron status on the initiation and promotion stage of mammary carcinogenesis are reported. Using the classical model of cancer initiation in the mammary gland, 7,12 dimethyl-benz[α]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis was unaffected by iron status. Similarly, excess iron intake showed no effect on the promotion stage of 1-methyl-1-nitrosurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, though iron deficiency exerted a specific inhibitory effect on the carcinogenic process. Though iron-mediated cellular oxidation is frequently cited as a potential mechanism for effects on breast cancer, no evidence of increased oxidative damage to DNA attributable to excess iron intake was found. The reported preclinical data fail to provide convincing evidence that the further evaluation of the iron–breast cancer risk hypotheses is warranted and underscore the value of redefining the referent group in population-based studies of iron–cancer hypotheses in other tissues.
format	article
author	Henry J. Thompson Elizabeth S. Neil John N. McGinley
author_facet	Henry J. Thompson Elizabeth S. Neil John N. McGinley
author_sort	Henry J. Thompson
title	Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
title_short	Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
title_full	Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
title_fullStr	Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed	Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis
title_sort	pre-clinical insights into the iron and breast cancer hypothesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f764a0cad5564b20b8c3ce54779732e1
work_keys_str_mv	AT henryjthompson preclinicalinsightsintotheironandbreastcancerhypothesis AT elizabethsneil preclinicalinsightsintotheironandbreastcancerhypothesis AT johnnmcginley preclinicalinsightsintotheironandbreastcancerhypothesis
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Pre-Clinical Insights into the Iron and Breast Cancer Hypothesis

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