Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic bacteria is a promising technology in different applications. Thereby, a photosensitizer (PS) absorbs visible light and transfers the energy to oxygen yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). The produced ROS are then capable of killing microorganisms via...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Bernhard Eckl, Stefanie Susanne Eben, Laura Schottenhaml, Anja Eichner, Rudolf Vasold, Andreas Späth, Wolfgang Bäumler, Harald Huber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f775532c154a4ecc9957e88ad0d6675a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f775532c154a4ecc9957e88ad0d6675a2021-12-02T20:10:44ZInterplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253212https://doaj.org/article/f775532c154a4ecc9957e88ad0d6675a2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253212https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic bacteria is a promising technology in different applications. Thereby, a photosensitizer (PS) absorbs visible light and transfers the energy to oxygen yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). The produced ROS are then capable of killing microorganisms via oxidative damage of cellular constituents. Among other PS, some flavins are capable of producing ROS and cationic flavins are already successfully applied in PDI. When PDI is used for example on tap water, PS like flavins will encounter various ions and other small organic molecules which might hamper the efficacy of PDI. Thus, the impact of carbonate and phosphate ions on PDI using two different cationic flavins (FLASH-02a, FLASH-06a) was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model organisms. Both were inactivated in vitro at a low light exposure of 0.72 J cm-2. Upon irradiation, FLASH-02a reacts to single substances in the presence of carbonate or phosphate, whereas the photochemical reaction for FLASH-06a was more unspecific. DPBF-assays indicated that carbonate and phosphate ions decreased the generation of singlet oxygen of both flavins. Both microorganisms could be easily inactivated by at least one PS with up to 6 log10 steps of cell counts in low ion concentrations. Using the constant radiation exposure of 0.72 J cm-2, the inactivation efficacy decreased somewhat at medium ion concentrations but reached almost zero for high ion concentrations. Depending on the application of PDI, the presence of carbonate and phosphate ions is unavoidable. Only upon light irradiation such ions may attack the PS molecule and reduce the efficacy of PDI. Our results indicate concentrations for carbonate and phosphate, in which PDI can still lead to efficient reduction of bacterial cells when using flavin based PS.Daniel Bernhard EcklStefanie Susanne EbenLaura SchottenhamlAnja EichnerRudolf VasoldAndreas SpäthWolfgang BäumlerHarald HuberPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0253212 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniel Bernhard Eckl Stefanie Susanne Eben Laura Schottenhaml Anja Eichner Rudolf Vasold Andreas Späth Wolfgang Bäumler Harald Huber Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
description	Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic bacteria is a promising technology in different applications. Thereby, a photosensitizer (PS) absorbs visible light and transfers the energy to oxygen yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). The produced ROS are then capable of killing microorganisms via oxidative damage of cellular constituents. Among other PS, some flavins are capable of producing ROS and cationic flavins are already successfully applied in PDI. When PDI is used for example on tap water, PS like flavins will encounter various ions and other small organic molecules which might hamper the efficacy of PDI. Thus, the impact of carbonate and phosphate ions on PDI using two different cationic flavins (FLASH-02a, FLASH-06a) was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model organisms. Both were inactivated in vitro at a low light exposure of 0.72 J cm-2. Upon irradiation, FLASH-02a reacts to single substances in the presence of carbonate or phosphate, whereas the photochemical reaction for FLASH-06a was more unspecific. DPBF-assays indicated that carbonate and phosphate ions decreased the generation of singlet oxygen of both flavins. Both microorganisms could be easily inactivated by at least one PS with up to 6 log10 steps of cell counts in low ion concentrations. Using the constant radiation exposure of 0.72 J cm-2, the inactivation efficacy decreased somewhat at medium ion concentrations but reached almost zero for high ion concentrations. Depending on the application of PDI, the presence of carbonate and phosphate ions is unavoidable. Only upon light irradiation such ions may attack the PS molecule and reduce the efficacy of PDI. Our results indicate concentrations for carbonate and phosphate, in which PDI can still lead to efficient reduction of bacterial cells when using flavin based PS.
format	article
author	Daniel Bernhard Eckl Stefanie Susanne Eben Laura Schottenhaml Anja Eichner Rudolf Vasold Andreas Späth Wolfgang Bäumler Harald Huber
author_facet	Daniel Bernhard Eckl Stefanie Susanne Eben Laura Schottenhaml Anja Eichner Rudolf Vasold Andreas Späth Wolfgang Bäumler Harald Huber
author_sort	Daniel Bernhard Eckl
title	Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
title_short	Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
title_full	Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
title_fullStr	Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
title_full_unstemmed	Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
title_sort	interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f775532c154a4ecc9957e88ad0d6675a
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielbernhardeckl interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT stefaniesusanneeben interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT lauraschottenhaml interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT anjaeichner interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT rudolfvasold interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT andreasspath interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT wolfgangbaumler interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria AT haraldhuber interplayofphosphateandcarbonateionswithflavinphotosensitizersinphotodynamicinactivationofbacteria
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Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.

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