Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications

Biodegradable and bio-derived plastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are a promising solution to solve the huge environmental and economic issues caused by the enormous consumption of conventional oil-derived polymers, especially in food packaging applications. However, their poor gas barrier prop...

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Autores principales:	Matteo Pedroni, Espedito Vassallo, Marco Aloisio, Milena Brasca, Hao Chen, Giuseppe Firpo, Francesco Ghezzi, Stefano Morandi, Silvia Maria Pietralunga, Tiziana Silvetti, Tersilla Virgili
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	reactive sputtering tungsten oxide poly(lactic acid) biodegradable food packaging oxygen barrier Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f78fe0a118ec4246921213b40f3f677a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f78fe0a118ec4246921213b40f3f677a2021-11-25T17:15:32ZPlasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications10.3390/coatings111112812079-6412https://doaj.org/article/f78fe0a118ec4246921213b40f3f677a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/11/1281https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6412Biodegradable and bio-derived plastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are a promising solution to solve the huge environmental and economic issues caused by the enormous consumption of conventional oil-derived polymers, especially in food packaging applications. However, their poor gas barrier properties and high transparency to UV radiation limit their currently commercialization. Therefore, this study is focused on the deposition of tungsten oxide (WO<sub>x</sub>) thin films on commercial PLA in order to enhance its overall performance. Coatings with different thickness (25, 50 and 100 nm) were deposited by means of radiofrequency (RF) plasma magnetron reactive sputtering. Morphological characterization was carried out with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to evaluate surface chemical changes due to plasma treatments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were performed. The PLA/WO<sub>x</sub> samples demonstrated remarkable improvements both in UV protection and oxygen barrier properties. In particular, light transmittance was reduced by approximately 95% in the UV-B region, 70% in the UV-A region and 50% in the visible region compared to pristine PLA. Regarding oxygen permeation, a reduction of at least 99.9% was achieved. In addition, the PLA/WO<sub>x</sub> antibacterial properties against <i>Escherichia coli</i> were also investigated, showing a reduction greater than 5 log<sub>10</sub> CFU cm<sup>−2</sup> after 24 h for the 50 and 100 nm samples. These results demonstrate the potential of WO<sub>x</sub> thin coating for sustainable food packaging applications.Matteo PedroniEspedito VassalloMarco AloisioMilena BrascaHao ChenGiuseppe FirpoFrancesco GhezziStefano MorandiSilvia Maria PietralungaTiziana SilvettiTersilla VirgiliMDPI AGarticlereactive sputteringtungsten oxidepoly(lactic acid)biodegradablefood packagingoxygen barrierEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENCoatings, Vol 11, Iss 1281, p 1281 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reactive sputtering tungsten oxide poly(lactic acid) biodegradable food packaging oxygen barrier Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	reactive sputtering tungsten oxide poly(lactic acid) biodegradable food packaging oxygen barrier Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Matteo Pedroni Espedito Vassallo Marco Aloisio Milena Brasca Hao Chen Giuseppe Firpo Francesco Ghezzi Stefano Morandi Silvia Maria Pietralunga Tiziana Silvetti Tersilla Virgili Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications
description	Biodegradable and bio-derived plastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are a promising solution to solve the huge environmental and economic issues caused by the enormous consumption of conventional oil-derived polymers, especially in food packaging applications. However, their poor gas barrier properties and high transparency to UV radiation limit their currently commercialization. Therefore, this study is focused on the deposition of tungsten oxide (WO<sub>x</sub>) thin films on commercial PLA in order to enhance its overall performance. Coatings with different thickness (25, 50 and 100 nm) were deposited by means of radiofrequency (RF) plasma magnetron reactive sputtering. Morphological characterization was carried out with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to evaluate surface chemical changes due to plasma treatments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were performed. The PLA/WO<sub>x</sub> samples demonstrated remarkable improvements both in UV protection and oxygen barrier properties. In particular, light transmittance was reduced by approximately 95% in the UV-B region, 70% in the UV-A region and 50% in the visible region compared to pristine PLA. Regarding oxygen permeation, a reduction of at least 99.9% was achieved. In addition, the PLA/WO<sub>x</sub> antibacterial properties against <i>Escherichia coli</i> were also investigated, showing a reduction greater than 5 log<sub>10</sub> CFU cm<sup>−2</sup> after 24 h for the 50 and 100 nm samples. These results demonstrate the potential of WO<sub>x</sub> thin coating for sustainable food packaging applications.
format	article
author	Matteo Pedroni Espedito Vassallo Marco Aloisio Milena Brasca Hao Chen Giuseppe Firpo Francesco Ghezzi Stefano Morandi Silvia Maria Pietralunga Tiziana Silvetti Tersilla Virgili
author_facet	Matteo Pedroni Espedito Vassallo Marco Aloisio Milena Brasca Hao Chen Giuseppe Firpo Francesco Ghezzi Stefano Morandi Silvia Maria Pietralunga Tiziana Silvetti Tersilla Virgili
author_sort	Matteo Pedroni
title	Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications
title_short	Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications
title_full	Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications
title_fullStr	Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications
title_sort	plasma sputtered tungsten oxide thin film on poly(lactic acid) for food packaging applications
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f78fe0a118ec4246921213b40f3f677a
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Plasma Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Poly(lactic acid) for Food Packaging Applications

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