Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Abstract Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is an emerging pathogen in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with several host species, disease phenotypes and virulence mechanisms. SD has traditionally been divided into the subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) and subsp. equisimilis (SDSE), but re...

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Autores principales:	Davide Porcellato, Marit Smistad, Siv Borghild Skeie, Hannah Joan Jørgensen, Lars Austbø, Oddvar Oppegaard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f79865e9fbfe4f73806899f632cde048
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f79865e9fbfe4f73806899f632cde0482021-12-02T19:04:11ZWhole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae10.1038/s41598-021-96710-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f79865e9fbfe4f73806899f632cde0482021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96710-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is an emerging pathogen in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with several host species, disease phenotypes and virulence mechanisms. SD has traditionally been divided into the subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) and subsp. equisimilis (SDSE), but recent molecular studies have indicated that the phylogenetic relationships are more complex. Moreover, the genetic basis for the niche versatility of SD has not been extensively investigated. To expand the knowledge about virulence factors, phylogenetic relationships and host-adaptation strategies of SD, we analyzed 78 SDSD genomes from cows and sheep, and 78 SDSE genomes from other host species. Sixty SDSD and 40 SDSE genomes were newly sequenced in this study. Phylogenetic analysis supported SDSD as a distinct taxonomic entity, presenting a mean value of the average nucleotide identity of 99%. Bovine and ovine associated SDSD isolates clustered separately on pangenome analysis, but no single gene or genetic region was uniquely associated with host species. In contrast, SDSE isolates were more heterogenous and could be delineated in accordance with host. Although phylogenetic clustering suggestive of cross species transmission was observed, we predominantly detected a host restricted distribution of the SD-lineages. Furthermore, lineage specific virulence factors were detected, several of them located in proximity to hotspots for integration of mobile genetic elements. Our study indicates that SD has evolved to adapt to several different host species and infers a potential role of horizontal genetic transfer in niche specialization.Davide PorcellatoMarit SmistadSiv Borghild SkeieHannah Joan JørgensenLars AustbøOddvar OppegaardNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Davide Porcellato Marit Smistad Siv Borghild Skeie Hannah Joan Jørgensen Lars Austbø Oddvar Oppegaard Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
description	Abstract Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is an emerging pathogen in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with several host species, disease phenotypes and virulence mechanisms. SD has traditionally been divided into the subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) and subsp. equisimilis (SDSE), but recent molecular studies have indicated that the phylogenetic relationships are more complex. Moreover, the genetic basis for the niche versatility of SD has not been extensively investigated. To expand the knowledge about virulence factors, phylogenetic relationships and host-adaptation strategies of SD, we analyzed 78 SDSD genomes from cows and sheep, and 78 SDSE genomes from other host species. Sixty SDSD and 40 SDSE genomes were newly sequenced in this study. Phylogenetic analysis supported SDSD as a distinct taxonomic entity, presenting a mean value of the average nucleotide identity of 99%. Bovine and ovine associated SDSD isolates clustered separately on pangenome analysis, but no single gene or genetic region was uniquely associated with host species. In contrast, SDSE isolates were more heterogenous and could be delineated in accordance with host. Although phylogenetic clustering suggestive of cross species transmission was observed, we predominantly detected a host restricted distribution of the SD-lineages. Furthermore, lineage specific virulence factors were detected, several of them located in proximity to hotspots for integration of mobile genetic elements. Our study indicates that SD has evolved to adapt to several different host species and infers a potential role of horizontal genetic transfer in niche specialization.
format	article
author	Davide Porcellato Marit Smistad Siv Borghild Skeie Hannah Joan Jørgensen Lars Austbø Oddvar Oppegaard
author_facet	Davide Porcellato Marit Smistad Siv Borghild Skeie Hannah Joan Jørgensen Lars Austbø Oddvar Oppegaard
author_sort	Davide Porcellato
title	Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
title_short	Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
title_full	Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
title_fullStr	Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
title_full_unstemmed	Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
title_sort	whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of streptococcus dysgalactiae
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f79865e9fbfe4f73806899f632cde048
work_keys_str_mv	AT davideporcellato wholegenomesequencingrevealspossiblehostspeciesadaptationofstreptococcusdysgalactiae AT maritsmistad wholegenomesequencingrevealspossiblehostspeciesadaptationofstreptococcusdysgalactiae AT sivborghildskeie wholegenomesequencingrevealspossiblehostspeciesadaptationofstreptococcusdysgalactiae AT hannahjoanjørgensen wholegenomesequencingrevealspossiblehostspeciesadaptationofstreptococcusdysgalactiae AT larsaustbø wholegenomesequencingrevealspossiblehostspeciesadaptationofstreptococcusdysgalactiae AT oddvaroppegaard wholegenomesequencingrevealspossiblehostspeciesadaptationofstreptococcusdysgalactiae
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Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae

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