Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.

Factors and mechanisms promoting resource-based radiation in animals still represent a main challenge to evolutionary biology. The modifications of phenotype tied with adaptive diversification may result from an environmentally related shift having occurred at the early stage of development. Here, w...

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Autores principales:	Evgeny V Esin, Grigorii N Markevich, Nikolai O Melnik, Dmitriy V Zlenko, Fedor N Shkil
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7adb44d0541430f9a446f997e2e3f71
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7adb44d0541430f9a446f997e2e3f712021-12-02T20:13:39ZAmbient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258536https://doaj.org/article/f7adb44d0541430f9a446f997e2e3f712021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258536https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Factors and mechanisms promoting resource-based radiation in animals still represent a main challenge to evolutionary biology. The modifications of phenotype tied with adaptive diversification may result from an environmentally related shift having occurred at the early stage of development. Here, we study the role of temperature dynamics on the reproductive sites in the early-life divergence and adaptive radiation of the salmonid fish Salvelinus malma dwelling in the Lake Kronotskoe basin (North-East Asia). Local sympatric charr ecomorphs demonstrate strict homing behaviour guiding the preordained distribution along tributaries and, hence, further development under different temperatures. We thoroughly assessed the annual temperature dynamics at the spawning grounds of each morph as compared to an ancestral anadromous morph. Then we carried out an experimental rearing of both under naturally diverging and uniformed temperatures. To compare the morphs' development under the dynamically changing temperatures, we have designed a method based on calculating the accumulated heat by the Arrhenius equation. The proposed equation shows a strong predictive power and, at the same time, is not bias-susceptible when the developmental temperature approximates 0°C. The temperature was found to significantly affect the charrs' early ontogeny, which underlies the divergence of developmental and growth rates between the morphs, as well as morph-specific ontogenetic adaptations to the spawning site's temperatures. As opposed to the endemic morphs from Lake Kronotskoe, the anadromous S. malma, being unexposed to selection оn highly specific reproduction conditions, showed a wide temperature tolerance, Our findings demonstrate that the hatch, onset timing of external feeding, and size dissimilarities between the sympatric morphs reveal themselves during the development under contrast temperatures. As a result of the observed developmental disparities, the morphs occupy specific definitive foraging niches in the lake.Evgeny V EsinGrigorii N MarkevichNikolai O MelnikDmitriy V ZlenkoFedor N ShkilPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258536 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Evgeny V Esin Grigorii N Markevich Nikolai O Melnik Dmitriy V Zlenko Fedor N Shkil Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
description	Factors and mechanisms promoting resource-based radiation in animals still represent a main challenge to evolutionary biology. The modifications of phenotype tied with adaptive diversification may result from an environmentally related shift having occurred at the early stage of development. Here, we study the role of temperature dynamics on the reproductive sites in the early-life divergence and adaptive radiation of the salmonid fish Salvelinus malma dwelling in the Lake Kronotskoe basin (North-East Asia). Local sympatric charr ecomorphs demonstrate strict homing behaviour guiding the preordained distribution along tributaries and, hence, further development under different temperatures. We thoroughly assessed the annual temperature dynamics at the spawning grounds of each morph as compared to an ancestral anadromous morph. Then we carried out an experimental rearing of both under naturally diverging and uniformed temperatures. To compare the morphs' development under the dynamically changing temperatures, we have designed a method based on calculating the accumulated heat by the Arrhenius equation. The proposed equation shows a strong predictive power and, at the same time, is not bias-susceptible when the developmental temperature approximates 0°C. The temperature was found to significantly affect the charrs' early ontogeny, which underlies the divergence of developmental and growth rates between the morphs, as well as morph-specific ontogenetic adaptations to the spawning site's temperatures. As opposed to the endemic morphs from Lake Kronotskoe, the anadromous S. malma, being unexposed to selection оn highly specific reproduction conditions, showed a wide temperature tolerance, Our findings demonstrate that the hatch, onset timing of external feeding, and size dissimilarities between the sympatric morphs reveal themselves during the development under contrast temperatures. As a result of the observed developmental disparities, the morphs occupy specific definitive foraging niches in the lake.
format	article
author	Evgeny V Esin Grigorii N Markevich Nikolai O Melnik Dmitriy V Zlenko Fedor N Shkil
author_facet	Evgeny V Esin Grigorii N Markevich Nikolai O Melnik Dmitriy V Zlenko Fedor N Shkil
author_sort	Evgeny V Esin
title	Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
title_short	Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
title_full	Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
title_fullStr	Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
title_full_unstemmed	Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
title_sort	ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7adb44d0541430f9a446f997e2e3f71
work_keys_str_mv	AT evgenyvesin ambienttemperatureasafactorcontributingtothedevelopmentaldivergenceinsympatricsalmonids AT grigoriinmarkevich ambienttemperatureasafactorcontributingtothedevelopmentaldivergenceinsympatricsalmonids AT nikolaiomelnik ambienttemperatureasafactorcontributingtothedevelopmentaldivergenceinsympatricsalmonids AT dmitriyvzlenko ambienttemperatureasafactorcontributingtothedevelopmentaldivergenceinsympatricsalmonids AT fedornshkil ambienttemperatureasafactorcontributingtothedevelopmentaldivergenceinsympatricsalmonids
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Ambient temperature as a factor contributing to the developmental divergence in sympatric salmonids.

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