Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis

Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian...

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Autores principales:	Richard Lalor, Krystyna Cwiklinski, Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani, Amber Dorey, Siobhán Hamon, Jesús López Corrales, John Pius Dalton, Carolina De Marco Verissimo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	parasites fasciola hepatica fasciola gigantica liver fluke host-parasite interplay Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7bb285c4076433ab0a3aff5931aeb37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7bb285c4076433ab0a3aff5931aeb372021-11-26T11:19:49ZPathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis2150-55942150-560810.1080/21505594.2021.1996520https://doaj.org/article/f7bb285c4076433ab0a3aff5931aeb372021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1996520https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5594https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5608Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian definitive hosts contribute to their high transmissibility and distribution. Within the mammalian host, the trauma caused by the immature flukes burrowing through the liver parenchyma is associated with most of the pathogenesis. Similarly, the feeding activity and the physical presence of large flukes in the bile ducts can lead to anemia, inflammation, obstruction and cholangitis. The high frequency of non-synonymous polymorphisms found in Fasciola spp. genes allows for adaptation and invasion of a broad range of hosts. This is also facilitated by parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that mediate physiological changes that allows their establishment within the host. ES contains cathepsin peptidases that aid parasite invasion by degrading collagen and fibronectin. In the bile ducts, cathepsin-L is critical to hemoglobin digestion during feeding activities. Other molecules (peroxiredoxin, cathepsin-L and Kunitz-type inhibitor) stimulate a strong immune response polarized toward a Treg/Th2 phenotype that favors fluke’s survival. Helminth defense molecule, fatty acid binding proteins, Fasciola-specific glycans and miRNAs modulate host pro-inflammatory responses, while antioxidant scavenger enzymes work in an orchestrated way to deter host oxidant-mediated damage. Combining these strategies Fasciola spp. survive for decades within their mammalian host, where they reproduce and spread to become one of the most widespread zoonotic worm parasites in the world.Richard LalorKrystyna CwiklinskiNichola Eliza Davies CalvaniAmber DoreySiobhán HamonJesús López CorralesJohn Pius DaltonCarolina De Marco VerissimoTaylor & Francis Grouparticleparasitesfasciola hepaticafasciola giganticaliver flukehost-parasite interplayInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENVirulence, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 2839-2867 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	parasites fasciola hepatica fasciola gigantica liver fluke host-parasite interplay Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	parasites fasciola hepatica fasciola gigantica liver fluke host-parasite interplay Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Richard Lalor Krystyna Cwiklinski Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani Amber Dorey Siobhán Hamon Jesús López Corrales John Pius Dalton Carolina De Marco Verissimo Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis
description	Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian definitive hosts contribute to their high transmissibility and distribution. Within the mammalian host, the trauma caused by the immature flukes burrowing through the liver parenchyma is associated with most of the pathogenesis. Similarly, the feeding activity and the physical presence of large flukes in the bile ducts can lead to anemia, inflammation, obstruction and cholangitis. The high frequency of non-synonymous polymorphisms found in Fasciola spp. genes allows for adaptation and invasion of a broad range of hosts. This is also facilitated by parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that mediate physiological changes that allows their establishment within the host. ES contains cathepsin peptidases that aid parasite invasion by degrading collagen and fibronectin. In the bile ducts, cathepsin-L is critical to hemoglobin digestion during feeding activities. Other molecules (peroxiredoxin, cathepsin-L and Kunitz-type inhibitor) stimulate a strong immune response polarized toward a Treg/Th2 phenotype that favors fluke’s survival. Helminth defense molecule, fatty acid binding proteins, Fasciola-specific glycans and miRNAs modulate host pro-inflammatory responses, while antioxidant scavenger enzymes work in an orchestrated way to deter host oxidant-mediated damage. Combining these strategies Fasciola spp. survive for decades within their mammalian host, where they reproduce and spread to become one of the most widespread zoonotic worm parasites in the world.
format	article
author	Richard Lalor Krystyna Cwiklinski Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani Amber Dorey Siobhán Hamon Jesús López Corrales John Pius Dalton Carolina De Marco Verissimo
author_facet	Richard Lalor Krystyna Cwiklinski Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani Amber Dorey Siobhán Hamon Jesús López Corrales John Pius Dalton Carolina De Marco Verissimo
author_sort	Richard Lalor
title	Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis
title_short	Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis
title_full	Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis
title_fullStr	Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis
title_full_unstemmed	Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis
title_sort	pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica that cause the zoonosis fasciolosis
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7bb285c4076433ab0a3aff5931aeb37
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Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis

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