Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries

Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes chikungunya fever, which is typically accompanied by severe joint pain. In Asia, serological evidence indicated that CHIKV first emerged in 1954. From the 1950’s to 2005, sporadic CHIKV infections were attr...

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Autores principales:	Sarawut Khongwichit, Jira Chansaenroj, Chintana Chirathaworn, Yong Poovorawan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Chikungunya virus Outbreak Asia Novel ECSA E1: K211E and E2: V264A Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7bde2fe3db64002a5ab802e05c61063
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7bde2fe3db64002a5ab802e05c610632021-12-05T12:10:35ZChikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries10.1186/s12929-021-00778-81423-0127https://doaj.org/article/f7bde2fe3db64002a5ab802e05c610632021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00778-8https://doaj.org/toc/1423-0127Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes chikungunya fever, which is typically accompanied by severe joint pain. In Asia, serological evidence indicated that CHIKV first emerged in 1954. From the 1950’s to 2005, sporadic CHIKV infections were attributed to the Asian genotype. However, the massive outbreak of CHIKV in India and the Southwest Indian Ocean Islands in 2005 has since raised chikungunya as a worldwide public health concern. The virus is spreading globally, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The emergence of the CHIKV East/Central/South African genotype-Indian Ocean lineage (ECSA-IOL) has caused large outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia affected more than a million people over a decade. Notably, the massive CHIKV outbreaks before 2016 and the more recent outbreak in Asia were driven by distinct ECSA lineages. The first significant CHIKV ECSA strains harbored the Aedes albopictus-adaptive mutation E1: A226V. More recently, another mass CHIKV ECSA outbreak in Asia started in India and spread beyond South and Southeast Asia to Kenya and Italy. This virus lacked the E1: A226V mutation but instead harbored two novel mutations (E1: K211E and E2: V264A) in an E1: 226A background, which enhanced its fitness in Aedes aegypti. The emergence of a novel ECSA strain may lead to a more widespread geographical distribution of CHIKV in the future. This review summarizes the current CHIKV situation in Asian countries and provides a general overview of the molecular virology, disease manifestation, diagnosis, prevalence, genotype distribution, evolutionary relationships, and epidemiology of CHIKV infection in Asian countries over the past 65 years. This knowledge is essential in guiding the epidemiological study, control, prevention of future CHIKV outbreaks, and the development of new vaccines and antivirals targeting CHIKV.Sarawut KhongwichitJira ChansaenrojChintana ChirathawornYong PoovorawanBMCarticleChikungunya virusOutbreakAsiaNovel ECSAE1: K211E and E2: V264AMedicineRENJournal of Biomedical Science, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Chikungunya virus Outbreak Asia Novel ECSA E1: K211E and E2: V264A Medicine R
spellingShingle	Chikungunya virus Outbreak Asia Novel ECSA E1: K211E and E2: V264A Medicine R Sarawut Khongwichit Jira Chansaenroj Chintana Chirathaworn Yong Poovorawan Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries
description	Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes chikungunya fever, which is typically accompanied by severe joint pain. In Asia, serological evidence indicated that CHIKV first emerged in 1954. From the 1950’s to 2005, sporadic CHIKV infections were attributed to the Asian genotype. However, the massive outbreak of CHIKV in India and the Southwest Indian Ocean Islands in 2005 has since raised chikungunya as a worldwide public health concern. The virus is spreading globally, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The emergence of the CHIKV East/Central/South African genotype-Indian Ocean lineage (ECSA-IOL) has caused large outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia affected more than a million people over a decade. Notably, the massive CHIKV outbreaks before 2016 and the more recent outbreak in Asia were driven by distinct ECSA lineages. The first significant CHIKV ECSA strains harbored the Aedes albopictus-adaptive mutation E1: A226V. More recently, another mass CHIKV ECSA outbreak in Asia started in India and spread beyond South and Southeast Asia to Kenya and Italy. This virus lacked the E1: A226V mutation but instead harbored two novel mutations (E1: K211E and E2: V264A) in an E1: 226A background, which enhanced its fitness in Aedes aegypti. The emergence of a novel ECSA strain may lead to a more widespread geographical distribution of CHIKV in the future. This review summarizes the current CHIKV situation in Asian countries and provides a general overview of the molecular virology, disease manifestation, diagnosis, prevalence, genotype distribution, evolutionary relationships, and epidemiology of CHIKV infection in Asian countries over the past 65 years. This knowledge is essential in guiding the epidemiological study, control, prevention of future CHIKV outbreaks, and the development of new vaccines and antivirals targeting CHIKV.
format	article
author	Sarawut Khongwichit Jira Chansaenroj Chintana Chirathaworn Yong Poovorawan
author_facet	Sarawut Khongwichit Jira Chansaenroj Chintana Chirathaworn Yong Poovorawan
author_sort	Sarawut Khongwichit
title	Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries
title_short	Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries
title_full	Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries
title_fullStr	Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries
title_full_unstemmed	Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries
title_sort	chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in asian countries
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7bde2fe3db64002a5ab802e05c61063
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_version_	1718372229708775424

Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries

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