An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America, where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importanc...

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Autores principales:	Julian E. Garcia-Rejon, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo, Carlos M. Baak-Baak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Asian tiger mosquito feeding pattern minimum infection rate emerging arboviruses Dengue virus Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7be98528aa1471ebd9da4c7ac9214f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7be98528aa1471ebd9da4c7ac9214f92021-11-25T17:59:09ZAn Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus10.3390/insects121109672075-4450https://doaj.org/article/f7be98528aa1471ebd9da4c7ac9214f92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/967https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450<i>Aedes</i> (<i>Stegomyia</i>) <i>albopictus</i> is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America, where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, the basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns, and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the Dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. An extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common hosts. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. Overall, the estimated MIR in <i>Ae. albopictus</i> infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and MIR estimated in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that <i>Ae. albopictus</i> is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.Julian E. Garcia-RejonJuan-Carlos NavarroNohemi Cigarroa-ToledoCarlos M. Baak-BaakMDPI AGarticleAsian tiger mosquitofeeding patternminimum infection rateemerging arbovirusesDengue virusScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 967, p 967 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Asian tiger mosquito feeding pattern minimum infection rate emerging arboviruses Dengue virus Science Q
spellingShingle	Asian tiger mosquito feeding pattern minimum infection rate emerging arboviruses Dengue virus Science Q Julian E. Garcia-Rejon Juan-Carlos Navarro Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo Carlos M. Baak-Baak An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
description	<i>Aedes</i> (<i>Stegomyia</i>) <i>albopictus</i> is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America, where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, the basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns, and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the Dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. An extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common hosts. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. Overall, the estimated MIR in <i>Ae. albopictus</i> infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and MIR estimated in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that <i>Ae. albopictus</i> is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.
format	article
author	Julian E. Garcia-Rejon Juan-Carlos Navarro Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo Carlos M. Baak-Baak
author_facet	Julian E. Garcia-Rejon Juan-Carlos Navarro Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo Carlos M. Baak-Baak
author_sort	Julian E. Garcia-Rejon
title	An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
title_short	An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
title_full	An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
title_fullStr	An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
title_full_unstemmed	An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
title_sort	updated review of the invasive <i>aedes albopictus</i> in the americas; geographical distribution, host feeding patterns, arbovirus infection, and the potential for vertical transmission of dengue virus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7be98528aa1471ebd9da4c7ac9214f9
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An Updated Review of the Invasive <i>Aedes albopictus</i> in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus

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