Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites used as biological control agents. Free-living infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs employ host-seeking behaviors to locate suitable hosts for infection. We found that EPNs can differentiate between naïve and infected hosts, and that host...

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Autores principales:	Tiffany Baiocchi, Grant Lee, Dong-Hwan Choe, Adler R. Dillman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7dd108c2f1742478e9e138d69155a81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7dd108c2f1742478e9e138d69155a812021-12-02T11:40:14ZHost seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources10.1038/s41598-017-06620-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f7dd108c2f1742478e9e138d69155a812017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06620-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites used as biological control agents. Free-living infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs employ host-seeking behaviors to locate suitable hosts for infection. We found that EPNs can differentiate between naïve and infected hosts, and that host attractiveness changes over time in a species-specific manner. We used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify volatile chemical cues that may relay information about a potential host’s infection status and resource availability. Among the chemicals identified from the headspace of infected hosts, 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (prenol) and 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone (AMC) were selected for further behavioral assays due to their temporal correlation with the behavioral changes of IJs towards the infected hosts. Both compounds were repulsive to IJs of Steinernema glaseri and S. riobrave in a dose-dependent manner when applied on an agar substrate. Furthermore, the repulsive effects of prenol were maintained when co-presented with the uninfected host odors, overriding attraction to uninfected hosts. Prenol was attractive to dauers of some free-living nematodes and insect larvae. These data suggest that host-associated chemical cues may have several implications in EPN biology, not only as signals for avoidance and dispersal of conspecifics, but also as attractants for new potential hosts.Tiffany BaiocchiGrant LeeDong-Hwan ChoeAdler R. DillmanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tiffany Baiocchi Grant Lee Dong-Hwan Choe Adler R. Dillman Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
description	Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites used as biological control agents. Free-living infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs employ host-seeking behaviors to locate suitable hosts for infection. We found that EPNs can differentiate between naïve and infected hosts, and that host attractiveness changes over time in a species-specific manner. We used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify volatile chemical cues that may relay information about a potential host’s infection status and resource availability. Among the chemicals identified from the headspace of infected hosts, 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (prenol) and 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone (AMC) were selected for further behavioral assays due to their temporal correlation with the behavioral changes of IJs towards the infected hosts. Both compounds were repulsive to IJs of Steinernema glaseri and S. riobrave in a dose-dependent manner when applied on an agar substrate. Furthermore, the repulsive effects of prenol were maintained when co-presented with the uninfected host odors, overriding attraction to uninfected hosts. Prenol was attractive to dauers of some free-living nematodes and insect larvae. These data suggest that host-associated chemical cues may have several implications in EPN biology, not only as signals for avoidance and dispersal of conspecifics, but also as attractants for new potential hosts.
format	article
author	Tiffany Baiocchi Grant Lee Dong-Hwan Choe Adler R. Dillman
author_facet	Tiffany Baiocchi Grant Lee Dong-Hwan Choe Adler R. Dillman
author_sort	Tiffany Baiocchi
title	Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
title_short	Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
title_full	Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
title_fullStr	Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
title_full_unstemmed	Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
title_sort	host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7dd108c2f1742478e9e138d69155a81
work_keys_str_mv	AT tiffanybaiocchi hostseekingparasiticnematodesusespecificodorstoassesshostresources AT grantlee hostseekingparasiticnematodesusespecificodorstoassesshostresources AT donghwanchoe hostseekingparasiticnematodesusespecificodorstoassesshostresources AT adlerrdillman hostseekingparasiticnematodesusespecificodorstoassesshostresources
_version_	1718395679940804608

Host seeking parasitic nematodes use specific odors to assess host resources

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