Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish

Abstract Reading typically involves phonological mediation, especially for transparent orthographies with a regular letter to sound correspondence. In this study we ask whether phonological coding is a necessary part of the reading process by examining prelingually deaf individuals who are skilled r...

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Autores principales:	Brendan Costello, Sendy Caffarra, Noemi Fariña, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, Manuel Carreiras
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7ee855b8e884bff92998928e84d3b9b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7ee855b8e884bff92998928e84d3b9b2021-12-02T15:54:14ZReading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish10.1038/s41598-021-84490-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f7ee855b8e884bff92998928e84d3b9b2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84490-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Reading typically involves phonological mediation, especially for transparent orthographies with a regular letter to sound correspondence. In this study we ask whether phonological coding is a necessary part of the reading process by examining prelingually deaf individuals who are skilled readers of Spanish. We conducted two EEG experiments exploiting the pseudohomophone effect, in which nonwords that sound like words elicit phonological encoding during reading. The first, a semantic categorization task with masked priming, resulted in modulation of the N250 by pseudohomophone primes in hearing but not in deaf readers. The second, a lexical decision task, confirmed the pattern: hearing readers had increased errors and an attenuated N400 response for pseudohomophones compared to control pseudowords, whereas deaf readers did not treat pseudohomophones any differently from pseudowords, either behaviourally or in the ERP response. These results offer converging evidence that skilled deaf readers do not rely on phonological coding during visual word recognition. Furthermore, the finding demonstrates that reading can take place in the absence of phonological activation, and we speculate about the alternative mechanisms that allow these deaf individuals to read competently.Brendan CostelloSendy CaffarraNoemi FariñaJon Andoni DuñabeitiaManuel CarreirasNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Brendan Costello Sendy Caffarra Noemi Fariña Jon Andoni Duñabeitia Manuel Carreiras Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish
description	Abstract Reading typically involves phonological mediation, especially for transparent orthographies with a regular letter to sound correspondence. In this study we ask whether phonological coding is a necessary part of the reading process by examining prelingually deaf individuals who are skilled readers of Spanish. We conducted two EEG experiments exploiting the pseudohomophone effect, in which nonwords that sound like words elicit phonological encoding during reading. The first, a semantic categorization task with masked priming, resulted in modulation of the N250 by pseudohomophone primes in hearing but not in deaf readers. The second, a lexical decision task, confirmed the pattern: hearing readers had increased errors and an attenuated N400 response for pseudohomophones compared to control pseudowords, whereas deaf readers did not treat pseudohomophones any differently from pseudowords, either behaviourally or in the ERP response. These results offer converging evidence that skilled deaf readers do not rely on phonological coding during visual word recognition. Furthermore, the finding demonstrates that reading can take place in the absence of phonological activation, and we speculate about the alternative mechanisms that allow these deaf individuals to read competently.
format	article
author	Brendan Costello Sendy Caffarra Noemi Fariña Jon Andoni Duñabeitia Manuel Carreiras
author_facet	Brendan Costello Sendy Caffarra Noemi Fariña Jon Andoni Duñabeitia Manuel Carreiras
author_sort	Brendan Costello
title	Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish
title_short	Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish
title_full	Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish
title_fullStr	Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish
title_full_unstemmed	Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish
title_sort	reading without phonology: erp evidence from skilled deaf readers of spanish
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7ee855b8e884bff92998928e84d3b9b
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_version_	1718385487121481728

Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish

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