Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte

In this paper, the possibility of color controlling anodic titanium oxide by changing anodizing conditions of titanium in an ethanol-based electrolyte is demonstrated. Colored anodic titanium oxide was fabricated in an ethanol-based electrolyte containing 0.3 M ammonium fluoride and various amounts...

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Autores principales:	Marta Michalska-Domańska, Mateusz Czerwiński, Magdalena Łazińska, Vikas Dubey, Marcin Jakubaszek, Zbigniew Zawadzki, Jerzy Kostecki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	titanium anodization anodic titanium oxide ethanol-based electrolyte reflectance Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) color space colored oxide Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f7eeec0c1c4542589383935d896f94ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7eeec0c1c4542589383935d896f94ec2021-11-25T18:15:29ZMorphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte10.3390/ma142269921996-1944https://doaj.org/article/f7eeec0c1c4542589383935d896f94ec2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6992https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944In this paper, the possibility of color controlling anodic titanium oxide by changing anodizing conditions of titanium in an ethanol-based electrolyte is demonstrated. Colored anodic titanium oxide was fabricated in an ethanol-based electrolyte containing 0.3 M ammonium fluoride and various amounts of deionized water (2, 3.5, 5, or 10 vol%), at voltages that varied from 30 to 60 V and at a constant anodization temperature of 20 °C. Morphological characterization of oxide layers was established with the use of a scanning electron microscope. Optical characterization was determined by measuring diffusion reflectance and calculating theoretical colors. The resulting anodic oxides in all tested conditions had nanotubular morphology and a thickness of up to hundreds of nanometers. For electrolytes with 3.5, 5, and 10 vol% water content, the anodic oxide layer thickness increased with the applied potential increase. The anodic titanium oxide nanotube diameters and the oxide thickness of samples produced in an electrolyte with 2 vol% water content were independent of applied voltage and remained constant within the error range of all tested potentials. Moreover, the color of anodic titanium oxide produced in an electrolyte with 2 vol% of water was blue and was independent from applied voltage, while the color of samples from other electrolyte compositions changed with applied voltage. For samples produced in selected conditions, iridescence was observed. It was proposed that the observed structural color of anodic titanium oxide results from the synergy effect of nanotube diameter and oxide thickness.Marta Michalska-DomańskaMateusz CzerwińskiMagdalena ŁazińskaVikas DubeyMarcin JakubaszekZbigniew ZawadzkiJerzy KosteckiMDPI AGarticletitanium anodizationanodic titanium oxideethanol-based electrolytereflectanceCommission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) color spacecolored oxideTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6992, p 6992 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	titanium anodization anodic titanium oxide ethanol-based electrolyte reflectance Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) color space colored oxide Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	titanium anodization anodic titanium oxide ethanol-based electrolyte reflectance Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) color space colored oxide Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Marta Michalska-Domańska Mateusz Czerwiński Magdalena Łazińska Vikas Dubey Marcin Jakubaszek Zbigniew Zawadzki Jerzy Kostecki Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte
description	In this paper, the possibility of color controlling anodic titanium oxide by changing anodizing conditions of titanium in an ethanol-based electrolyte is demonstrated. Colored anodic titanium oxide was fabricated in an ethanol-based electrolyte containing 0.3 M ammonium fluoride and various amounts of deionized water (2, 3.5, 5, or 10 vol%), at voltages that varied from 30 to 60 V and at a constant anodization temperature of 20 °C. Morphological characterization of oxide layers was established with the use of a scanning electron microscope. Optical characterization was determined by measuring diffusion reflectance and calculating theoretical colors. The resulting anodic oxides in all tested conditions had nanotubular morphology and a thickness of up to hundreds of nanometers. For electrolytes with 3.5, 5, and 10 vol% water content, the anodic oxide layer thickness increased with the applied potential increase. The anodic titanium oxide nanotube diameters and the oxide thickness of samples produced in an electrolyte with 2 vol% water content were independent of applied voltage and remained constant within the error range of all tested potentials. Moreover, the color of anodic titanium oxide produced in an electrolyte with 2 vol% of water was blue and was independent from applied voltage, while the color of samples from other electrolyte compositions changed with applied voltage. For samples produced in selected conditions, iridescence was observed. It was proposed that the observed structural color of anodic titanium oxide results from the synergy effect of nanotube diameter and oxide thickness.
format	article
author	Marta Michalska-Domańska Mateusz Czerwiński Magdalena Łazińska Vikas Dubey Marcin Jakubaszek Zbigniew Zawadzki Jerzy Kostecki
author_facet	Marta Michalska-Domańska Mateusz Czerwiński Magdalena Łazińska Vikas Dubey Marcin Jakubaszek Zbigniew Zawadzki Jerzy Kostecki
author_sort	Marta Michalska-Domańska
title	Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte
title_short	Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte
title_full	Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte
title_fullStr	Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte
title_sort	morphological and optical characterization of colored nanotubular anodic titanium oxide made in an ethanol-based electrolyte
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7eeec0c1c4542589383935d896f94ec
work_keys_str_mv	AT martamichalskadomanska morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte AT mateuszczerwinski morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte AT magdalenałazinska morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte AT vikasdubey morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte AT marcinjakubaszek morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte AT zbigniewzawadzki morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte AT jerzykostecki morphologicalandopticalcharacterizationofcolorednanotubularanodictitaniumoxidemadeinanethanolbasedelectrolyte
_version_	1718411477496365056

Morphological and Optical Characterization of Colored Nanotubular Anodic Titanium Oxide Made in an Ethanol-Based Electrolyte

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