Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.

Bone is capable of adapting during life in response to stress. Therefore, variation in locomotor and manipulative behaviours across extant hominoids may be reflected in differences in trabecular bone structure. The hand is a promising region for trabecular analysis, as it is the direct contact betwe...

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Auteurs principaux:	Zewdi J Tsegai, Tracy L Kivell, Thomas Gross, N Huynh Nguyen, Dieter H Pahr, Jeroen B Smaers, Matthew M Skinner
Format:	article
Langue:	EN
Publié:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Sujets:	Medicine R Science Q
Accès en ligne:	https://doaj.org/article/f7f6c65d05c94e3285ed09d6c2e2768d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f7f6c65d05c94e3285ed09d6c2e2768d2021-11-18T08:46:37ZTrabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0078781https://doaj.org/article/f7f6c65d05c94e3285ed09d6c2e2768d2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24244359/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Bone is capable of adapting during life in response to stress. Therefore, variation in locomotor and manipulative behaviours across extant hominoids may be reflected in differences in trabecular bone structure. The hand is a promising region for trabecular analysis, as it is the direct contact between the individual and the environment and joint positions at peak loading vary amongst extant hominoids. Building upon traditional volume of interest-based analyses, we apply a whole-epiphysis analytical approach using high-resolution microtomographic scans of the hominoid third metacarpal to investigate whether trabecular structure reflects differences in hand posture and loading in knuckle-walking (Gorilla, Pan), suspensory (Pongo, Hylobates and Symphalangus) and manipulative (Homo) taxa. Additionally, a comparative phylogenetic method was used to analyse rates of evolutionary changes in trabecular parameters. Results demonstrate that trabecular bone volume distribution and regions of greatest stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus) correspond with predicted loading of the hand in each behavioural category. In suspensory and manipulative taxa, regions of high bone volume and greatest stiffness are concentrated on the palmar or distopalmar regions of the metacarpal head, whereas knuckle-walking taxa show greater bone volume and stiffness throughout the head, and particularly in the dorsal region; patterns that correspond with the highest predicted joint reaction forces. Trabecular structure in knuckle-walking taxa is characterised by high bone volume fraction and a high degree of anisotropy in contrast to the suspensory brachiators. Humans, in which the hand is used primarily for manipulation, have a low bone volume fraction and a variable degree of anisotropy. Finally, when trabecular parameters are mapped onto a molecular-based phylogeny, we show that the rates of change in trabecular structure vary across the hominoid clade. Our results support a link between inferred behaviour and trabecular structure in extant hominoids that can be informative for reconstructing behaviour in fossil primates.Zewdi J TsegaiTracy L KivellThomas GrossN Huynh NguyenDieter H PahrJeroen B SmaersMatthew M SkinnerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e78781 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zewdi J Tsegai Tracy L Kivell Thomas Gross N Huynh Nguyen Dieter H Pahr Jeroen B Smaers Matthew M Skinner Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
description	Bone is capable of adapting during life in response to stress. Therefore, variation in locomotor and manipulative behaviours across extant hominoids may be reflected in differences in trabecular bone structure. The hand is a promising region for trabecular analysis, as it is the direct contact between the individual and the environment and joint positions at peak loading vary amongst extant hominoids. Building upon traditional volume of interest-based analyses, we apply a whole-epiphysis analytical approach using high-resolution microtomographic scans of the hominoid third metacarpal to investigate whether trabecular structure reflects differences in hand posture and loading in knuckle-walking (Gorilla, Pan), suspensory (Pongo, Hylobates and Symphalangus) and manipulative (Homo) taxa. Additionally, a comparative phylogenetic method was used to analyse rates of evolutionary changes in trabecular parameters. Results demonstrate that trabecular bone volume distribution and regions of greatest stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus) correspond with predicted loading of the hand in each behavioural category. In suspensory and manipulative taxa, regions of high bone volume and greatest stiffness are concentrated on the palmar or distopalmar regions of the metacarpal head, whereas knuckle-walking taxa show greater bone volume and stiffness throughout the head, and particularly in the dorsal region; patterns that correspond with the highest predicted joint reaction forces. Trabecular structure in knuckle-walking taxa is characterised by high bone volume fraction and a high degree of anisotropy in contrast to the suspensory brachiators. Humans, in which the hand is used primarily for manipulation, have a low bone volume fraction and a variable degree of anisotropy. Finally, when trabecular parameters are mapped onto a molecular-based phylogeny, we show that the rates of change in trabecular structure vary across the hominoid clade. Our results support a link between inferred behaviour and trabecular structure in extant hominoids that can be informative for reconstructing behaviour in fossil primates.
format	article
author	Zewdi J Tsegai Tracy L Kivell Thomas Gross N Huynh Nguyen Dieter H Pahr Jeroen B Smaers Matthew M Skinner
author_facet	Zewdi J Tsegai Tracy L Kivell Thomas Gross N Huynh Nguyen Dieter H Pahr Jeroen B Smaers Matthew M Skinner
author_sort	Zewdi J Tsegai
title	Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
title_short	Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
title_full	Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
title_fullStr	Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
title_full_unstemmed	Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
title_sort	trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/f7f6c65d05c94e3285ed09d6c2e2768d
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Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids.

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