Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats

Xueran Sun, Xin Zhang, Keyu Jiang, Min Wu Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Min WuDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Sh...

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Autores principales:	Sun X, Zhang X, Jiang K, Wu M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	tourette syndrome gastrodin glu eaats nmdars Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f80a37691de14523ae7609f53378cfa22021-12-02T16:06:57ZGastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/f80a37691de14523ae7609f53378cfa22021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/gastrodin-attenuates-tourette-syndrome-by-regulating-eaats-and-nmda-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Xueran Sun, Xin Zhang, Keyu Jiang, Min Wu Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Min WuDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of ChinaTel + 86-13601884805Email wumin@xinhuamed.com.cnPurpose: This study explored whether gastrodin (Gas) could attenuate the symptoms of Tourette syndrome(TS) via the regulation of glutamate (Glu), its transporters (EAAT1 and EAAT2) and its receptors (NMDAR1, NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B) in rats.Materials and Methods: Seventy-five Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=15 each): the control, TS, Tia (tiapride, 25mg/kg), Gas60 (gastrodin, 60mg/kg) and Gas120 groups (gastrodin, 120mg/kg). Rats in all groups except the control group received intraperitoneal injection of 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) for 7 consecutive days to establish the TS model. Thereafter, rats in the Tia, Gas60, and Gas120 groups were gavaged with 25mg/kg Tia, 60mg/kg Gas and 120mg/kg Gas for 28 days. Rats in the control and TS groups were gavaged with 0.9% normal saline. Behavioral evaluation was performed by using stereotypy scoring, nodding experiment and autonomic activity test. The Glu level was measured by UPLC-QqQ-MS analysis. The expression of EAAT1, EAAT2, NMDAR1, NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B was measured by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses.Results: The results showed that rats with IDPN-induced TS exhibited an increase in stereotypy score, nodding numbers, number of times to enter the central area and autonomic total distance, which could be improved by Tia and Gas treatments. Furthermore, Tia and Gas treatments significantly decreased the IDPN-induced the increase in Glu levels in rats with TS. Furthermore, the decreased expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 and increased expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B in rats with TS induced by IDPN could be substantially altered by Tia and Gas treatments.Conclusion: Gas ameliorated the behavioral dysfunction of rats with TS by maintaining Glu at a normal level, upregulating the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2, and downregulating the expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B.Keywords: Tourette syndrome, gastrodin, Glu, EAATs, NMDARsSun XZhang XJiang KWu MDove Medical Pressarticletourette syndromegastrodinglueaatsnmdarsNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 17, Pp 2243-2255 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tourette syndrome gastrodin glu eaats nmdars Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	tourette syndrome gastrodin glu eaats nmdars Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Sun X Zhang X Jiang K Wu M Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats
description	Xueran Sun, Xin Zhang, Keyu Jiang, Min Wu Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Min WuDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of ChinaTel + 86-13601884805Email wumin@xinhuamed.com.cnPurpose: This study explored whether gastrodin (Gas) could attenuate the symptoms of Tourette syndrome(TS) via the regulation of glutamate (Glu), its transporters (EAAT1 and EAAT2) and its receptors (NMDAR1, NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B) in rats.Materials and Methods: Seventy-five Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=15 each): the control, TS, Tia (tiapride, 25mg/kg), Gas60 (gastrodin, 60mg/kg) and Gas120 groups (gastrodin, 120mg/kg). Rats in all groups except the control group received intraperitoneal injection of 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) for 7 consecutive days to establish the TS model. Thereafter, rats in the Tia, Gas60, and Gas120 groups were gavaged with 25mg/kg Tia, 60mg/kg Gas and 120mg/kg Gas for 28 days. Rats in the control and TS groups were gavaged with 0.9% normal saline. Behavioral evaluation was performed by using stereotypy scoring, nodding experiment and autonomic activity test. The Glu level was measured by UPLC-QqQ-MS analysis. The expression of EAAT1, EAAT2, NMDAR1, NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B was measured by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses.Results: The results showed that rats with IDPN-induced TS exhibited an increase in stereotypy score, nodding numbers, number of times to enter the central area and autonomic total distance, which could be improved by Tia and Gas treatments. Furthermore, Tia and Gas treatments significantly decreased the IDPN-induced the increase in Glu levels in rats with TS. Furthermore, the decreased expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 and increased expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B in rats with TS induced by IDPN could be substantially altered by Tia and Gas treatments.Conclusion: Gas ameliorated the behavioral dysfunction of rats with TS by maintaining Glu at a normal level, upregulating the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2, and downregulating the expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B.Keywords: Tourette syndrome, gastrodin, Glu, EAATs, NMDARs
format	article
author	Sun X Zhang X Jiang K Wu M
author_facet	Sun X Zhang X Jiang K Wu M
author_sort	Sun X
title	Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats
title_short	Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats
title_full	Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats
title_fullStr	Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats
title_full_unstemmed	Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats
title_sort	gastrodin attenuates tourette syndrome by regulating eaats and nmda receptors in the striatum of rats
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f80a37691de14523ae7609f53378cfa2
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Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats

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