The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Cognitive control provides us with the ability to inter alia, regulate the locus of attention and ignore environmental distractions in accordance with our goals. Auditory distraction is a frequently cited symptom in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD)–yet few task-based fMRI...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:f818778677c743b18022f7891a3705e52021-12-01T19:12:13ZThe Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1662-516110.3389/fnhum.2021.771711https://doaj.org/article/f818778677c743b18022f7891a3705e52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.771711/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5161Cognitive control provides us with the ability to inter alia, regulate the locus of attention and ignore environmental distractions in accordance with our goals. Auditory distraction is a frequently cited symptom in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD)–yet few task-based fMRI studies have explored whether deficits in cognitive control (associated with the disorder) impedes on the ability to suppress/compensate for exogenously evoked cortical responses to noise in this population. In the current study, we explored the effects of auditory distraction as function of working memory (WM) load. Participants completed two tasks: an auditory target detection (ATD) task in which the goal was to actively detect salient oddball tones amidst a stream of standard tones in noise, and a visual n-back task consisting of 0-, 1-, and 2-back WM conditions whilst concurrently ignoring the same tonal signal from the ATD task. Results indicated that our sample of young aADHD (n = 17), compared to typically developed controls (n = 17), had difficulty attenuating auditory cortical responses to the task-irrelevant sound when WM demands were high (2-back). Heightened auditory activity to task-irrelevant sound was associated with both poorer WM performance and symptomatic inattentiveness. In the ATD task, we observed a significant increase in functional communications between auditory and salience networks in aADHD. Because performance outcomes were on par with controls for this task, we suggest that this increased functional connectivity in aADHD was likely an adaptive mechanism for suboptimal listening conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that aADHD are more susceptible to noise interference when they are engaged in a primary task. The ability to cope with auditory distraction appears to be related to the WM demands of the task and thus the capacity to deploy cognitive control.Rina BlombergRina BlombergAndrea Johansson CapusanAndrea Johansson CapusanAndrea Johansson CapusanCarine SignoretCarine SignoretHenrik DanielssonHenrik DanielssonJerker RönnbergJerker RönnbergJerker RönnbergFrontiers Media S.A.articleattention deficit hyperactivity disorderadultsattentioncognitive controlauditory distractionsalience network (SN)Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021) |
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults attention cognitive control auditory distraction salience network (SN) Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 |
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults attention cognitive control auditory distraction salience network (SN) Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Rina Blomberg Rina Blomberg Andrea Johansson Capusan Andrea Johansson Capusan Andrea Johansson Capusan Carine Signoret Carine Signoret Henrik Danielsson Henrik Danielsson Jerker Rönnberg Jerker Rönnberg Jerker Rönnberg The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| description |
Cognitive control provides us with the ability to inter alia, regulate the locus of attention and ignore environmental distractions in accordance with our goals. Auditory distraction is a frequently cited symptom in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD)–yet few task-based fMRI studies have explored whether deficits in cognitive control (associated with the disorder) impedes on the ability to suppress/compensate for exogenously evoked cortical responses to noise in this population. In the current study, we explored the effects of auditory distraction as function of working memory (WM) load. Participants completed two tasks: an auditory target detection (ATD) task in which the goal was to actively detect salient oddball tones amidst a stream of standard tones in noise, and a visual n-back task consisting of 0-, 1-, and 2-back WM conditions whilst concurrently ignoring the same tonal signal from the ATD task. Results indicated that our sample of young aADHD (n = 17), compared to typically developed controls (n = 17), had difficulty attenuating auditory cortical responses to the task-irrelevant sound when WM demands were high (2-back). Heightened auditory activity to task-irrelevant sound was associated with both poorer WM performance and symptomatic inattentiveness. In the ATD task, we observed a significant increase in functional communications between auditory and salience networks in aADHD. Because performance outcomes were on par with controls for this task, we suggest that this increased functional connectivity in aADHD was likely an adaptive mechanism for suboptimal listening conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that aADHD are more susceptible to noise interference when they are engaged in a primary task. The ability to cope with auditory distraction appears to be related to the WM demands of the task and thus the capacity to deploy cognitive control. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Rina Blomberg Rina Blomberg Andrea Johansson Capusan Andrea Johansson Capusan Andrea Johansson Capusan Carine Signoret Carine Signoret Henrik Danielsson Henrik Danielsson Jerker Rönnberg Jerker Rönnberg Jerker Rönnberg |
| author_facet |
Rina Blomberg Rina Blomberg Andrea Johansson Capusan Andrea Johansson Capusan Andrea Johansson Capusan Carine Signoret Carine Signoret Henrik Danielsson Henrik Danielsson Jerker Rönnberg Jerker Rönnberg Jerker Rönnberg |
| author_sort |
Rina Blomberg |
| title |
The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_short |
The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_full |
The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_fullStr |
The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of Working Memory Load on Auditory Distraction in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| title_sort |
effects of working memory load on auditory distraction in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/f818778677c743b18022f7891a3705e5 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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