Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.

Beeswax is intended for use in the beekeeping sector but also in the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics sectors. The adulteration of beeswax is an emerging issue that was reported lately at several occasions in the scientific literature. This issue tends to become more frequent and global, but i...

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Autores principales:	Noëmie El Agrebi, Lidija Svečnjak, Jelena Horvatinec, Véronique Renault, Agnes Rortais, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, Claude Saegerman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f84ebd95d67647a987a1bf77b28dac83
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f84ebd95d67647a987a1bf77b28dac832021-12-02T20:08:26ZAdulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252806https://doaj.org/article/f84ebd95d67647a987a1bf77b28dac832021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252806https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Beeswax is intended for use in the beekeeping sector but also in the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics sectors. The adulteration of beeswax is an emerging issue that was reported lately at several occasions in the scientific literature. This issue tends to become more frequent and global, but its exact extent is not accurately defined. The present study aims to assess the current situation in Belgium through a nationwide survey. Randomized beeswax samples originating from Belgian beekeepers (N = 98) and commercial suppliers (N = 9) were analysed with a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory (FTIR-ATR spectroscopy) for adulteration. The survey revealed a frequency of 9.2% and 33.3% of adulteration in beekeepers beeswax samples (9 samples out of 98: 2 with paraffin and 7 with stearin/stearic acid) and commercial beeswax samples (3 samples out of 9: all adulterated with stearin/stearic acid), respectively. The analysed samples were adulterated with various percentages of paraffin (12 to 78.8%) and stearin/stearic acid (1.2 to 20.8%). This survey indicates that in the beekeepers samples, beeswax adulteration was more frequent in comb foundation and crude beeswax than in comb wax. With the example of this nationwide survey conducted in Belgium, this study shows the emergence of the issue and the urgent need for action to safeguard the health of both honey bees health and humans, in particular with the setting of a proper regulation legal framework and a specific routine analytical testing of commercial beeswax to ensure beeswax quality.Noëmie El AgrebiLidija SvečnjakJelena HorvatinecVéronique RenaultAgnes RortaisJean-Pierre CravediClaude SaegermanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0252806 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Noëmie El Agrebi Lidija Svečnjak Jelena Horvatinec Véronique Renault Agnes Rortais Jean-Pierre Cravedi Claude Saegerman Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.
description	Beeswax is intended for use in the beekeeping sector but also in the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics sectors. The adulteration of beeswax is an emerging issue that was reported lately at several occasions in the scientific literature. This issue tends to become more frequent and global, but its exact extent is not accurately defined. The present study aims to assess the current situation in Belgium through a nationwide survey. Randomized beeswax samples originating from Belgian beekeepers (N = 98) and commercial suppliers (N = 9) were analysed with a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory (FTIR-ATR spectroscopy) for adulteration. The survey revealed a frequency of 9.2% and 33.3% of adulteration in beekeepers beeswax samples (9 samples out of 98: 2 with paraffin and 7 with stearin/stearic acid) and commercial beeswax samples (3 samples out of 9: all adulterated with stearin/stearic acid), respectively. The analysed samples were adulterated with various percentages of paraffin (12 to 78.8%) and stearin/stearic acid (1.2 to 20.8%). This survey indicates that in the beekeepers samples, beeswax adulteration was more frequent in comb foundation and crude beeswax than in comb wax. With the example of this nationwide survey conducted in Belgium, this study shows the emergence of the issue and the urgent need for action to safeguard the health of both honey bees health and humans, in particular with the setting of a proper regulation legal framework and a specific routine analytical testing of commercial beeswax to ensure beeswax quality.
format	article
author	Noëmie El Agrebi Lidija Svečnjak Jelena Horvatinec Véronique Renault Agnes Rortais Jean-Pierre Cravedi Claude Saegerman
author_facet	Noëmie El Agrebi Lidija Svečnjak Jelena Horvatinec Véronique Renault Agnes Rortais Jean-Pierre Cravedi Claude Saegerman
author_sort	Noëmie El Agrebi
title	Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.
title_short	Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.
title_full	Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.
title_fullStr	Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.
title_full_unstemmed	Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.
title_sort	adulteration of beeswax: a first nationwide survey from belgium.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f84ebd95d67647a987a1bf77b28dac83
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Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium.

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