The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico

Arid and semiarid regions are geographic units that cover approximately 43% of the earth’s surface worldwide, and conditions of extreme drought and reduced vegetation cover predominate in these regions. In Mexico, arid and semiarid ecosystems cover more than half of the territory, with desertificati...

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Autores principales:	Lidia Yadira Perez-Aguilar, Wenseslao Plata-Rocha, Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta, Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa, Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	aridity arid zones multicriteria evaluation GIS weighted linear combination standardization Geography (General) G1-922
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f85fb2c63858430d84560b970a638027
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f85fb2c63858430d84560b970a6380272021-11-25T17:52:43ZThe Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico10.3390/ijgi101107202220-9964https://doaj.org/article/f85fb2c63858430d84560b970a6380272021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/11/720https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964Arid and semiarid regions are geographic units that cover approximately 43% of the earth’s surface worldwide, and conditions of extreme drought and reduced vegetation cover predominate in these regions. In Mexico, arid and semiarid ecosystems cover more than half of the territory, with desertification, mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and climatic events, as the main problem in these regions. The present research aimed to assess, identify, and classify arid and semiarid zones by employing a methodology based on multicriteria evaluation analysis (MCA) using the weighted linear combination (WLC) technique and geographic information systems (GIS) in the hydrological administrative regions (HARs) of the North Pacific, Northwest, and Baja California Peninsula, located in Northwest Mexico. Data related to aridity, desertification, degradation, and drought were investigated, and the main factors involved in the aridity process, such as surface temperature, soil humidity, precipitation, slopes, orientations, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and evapotranspiration, were obtained. For the standardization of factors, a fuzzy inference system was used. The weight of each factor was then determined with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To delimit arid regions, the classification of arid zones proposed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was used, and the result was an aridity suitability map. To validate the results, the sensitivity analysis method was applied. Quantitative and geospatial aridity indicators were obtained at the administrative hydrological level and by state. The main results indicated that semiarid and dry subhumid zones predominated, representing 40% and 43% of the surface of the study area, respectively, while arid regions represented 17%, and humid regions represented less than 1%. In addition, of the states for which 100% of the surface lay in the study area, it was observed that Baja California and Baja California Sur had the largest arid and semiarid zones, while subhumid regions predominated in Sonora and Sinaloa.Lidia Yadira Perez-AguilarWenseslao Plata-RochaSergio Alberto Monjardin-ArmentaCuauhtémoc Franco-OchoaYedid Guadalupe Zambrano-MedinaMDPI AGarticlearidityarid zonesmulticriteria evaluationGISweighted linear combinationstandardizationGeography (General)G1-922ENISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 720, p 720 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aridity arid zones multicriteria evaluation GIS weighted linear combination standardization Geography (General) G1-922
spellingShingle	aridity arid zones multicriteria evaluation GIS weighted linear combination standardization Geography (General) G1-922 Lidia Yadira Perez-Aguilar Wenseslao Plata-Rocha Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico
description	Arid and semiarid regions are geographic units that cover approximately 43% of the earth’s surface worldwide, and conditions of extreme drought and reduced vegetation cover predominate in these regions. In Mexico, arid and semiarid ecosystems cover more than half of the territory, with desertification, mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and climatic events, as the main problem in these regions. The present research aimed to assess, identify, and classify arid and semiarid zones by employing a methodology based on multicriteria evaluation analysis (MCA) using the weighted linear combination (WLC) technique and geographic information systems (GIS) in the hydrological administrative regions (HARs) of the North Pacific, Northwest, and Baja California Peninsula, located in Northwest Mexico. Data related to aridity, desertification, degradation, and drought were investigated, and the main factors involved in the aridity process, such as surface temperature, soil humidity, precipitation, slopes, orientations, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and evapotranspiration, were obtained. For the standardization of factors, a fuzzy inference system was used. The weight of each factor was then determined with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To delimit arid regions, the classification of arid zones proposed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was used, and the result was an aridity suitability map. To validate the results, the sensitivity analysis method was applied. Quantitative and geospatial aridity indicators were obtained at the administrative hydrological level and by state. The main results indicated that semiarid and dry subhumid zones predominated, representing 40% and 43% of the surface of the study area, respectively, while arid regions represented 17%, and humid regions represented less than 1%. In addition, of the states for which 100% of the surface lay in the study area, it was observed that Baja California and Baja California Sur had the largest arid and semiarid zones, while subhumid regions predominated in Sonora and Sinaloa.
format	article
author	Lidia Yadira Perez-Aguilar Wenseslao Plata-Rocha Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina
author_facet	Lidia Yadira Perez-Aguilar Wenseslao Plata-Rocha Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina
author_sort	Lidia Yadira Perez-Aguilar
title	The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico
title_short	The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico
title_full	The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico
title_fullStr	The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico
title_full_unstemmed	The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico
title_sort	identification and classification of arid zones through multicriteria evaluation and geographic information systems—case study: arid regions of northwest mexico
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f85fb2c63858430d84560b970a638027
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The Identification and Classification of Arid Zones through Multicriteria Evaluation and Geographic Information Systems—Case Study: Arid Regions of Northwest Mexico

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