An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.

The spread of infectious disease via commercial airliner travel is a significant and realistic threat. To shed some light on the feasibility of detecting airborne pathogens, a sensor integration study has been conducted and computational investigations of contaminant transport in an aircraft cabin h...

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Autores principales:	Grace M Hwang, Anthony A DiCarlo, Gene C Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f85fbe2ee99648be88ac442c2d793e57
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f85fbe2ee99648be88ac442c2d793e572021-11-18T07:00:23ZAn analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0014520https://doaj.org/article/f85fbe2ee99648be88ac442c2d793e572011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21264266/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The spread of infectious disease via commercial airliner travel is a significant and realistic threat. To shed some light on the feasibility of detecting airborne pathogens, a sensor integration study has been conducted and computational investigations of contaminant transport in an aircraft cabin have been performed. Our study took into consideration sensor sensitivity as well as the time-to-answer, size, weight and the power of best available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. We conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate three types of scenarios: (1) nominal breathing (up to 20 breaths per minute) and coughing (20 times per hour); (2) nominal breathing and sneezing (4 times per hour); and (3) nominal breathing only. Each scenario was implemented with one or seven infectious passengers expelling air and sneezes or coughs at the stated frequencies. Scenario 2 was implemented with two additional cases in which one infectious passenger expelled 20 and 50 sneezes per hour, respectively. All computations were based on 90 minutes of sampling using specifications from a COTS aerosol collector and biosensor. Only biosensors that could provide an answer in under 20 minutes without any manual preparation steps were included. The principal finding was that the steady-state bacteria concentrations in aircraft would be high enough to be detected in the case where seven infectious passengers are exhaling under scenarios 1 and 2 and where one infectious passenger is actively exhaling in scenario 2. Breathing alone failed to generate sufficient bacterial particles for detection, and none of the scenarios generated sufficient viral particles for detection to be feasible. These results suggest that more sensitive sensors than the COTS devices currently available and/or sampling of individual passengers would be needed for the detection of bacteria and viruses in aircraft.Grace M HwangAnthony A DiCarloGene C LinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 1, p e14520 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Grace M Hwang Anthony A DiCarlo Gene C Lin An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
description	The spread of infectious disease via commercial airliner travel is a significant and realistic threat. To shed some light on the feasibility of detecting airborne pathogens, a sensor integration study has been conducted and computational investigations of contaminant transport in an aircraft cabin have been performed. Our study took into consideration sensor sensitivity as well as the time-to-answer, size, weight and the power of best available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. We conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate three types of scenarios: (1) nominal breathing (up to 20 breaths per minute) and coughing (20 times per hour); (2) nominal breathing and sneezing (4 times per hour); and (3) nominal breathing only. Each scenario was implemented with one or seven infectious passengers expelling air and sneezes or coughs at the stated frequencies. Scenario 2 was implemented with two additional cases in which one infectious passenger expelled 20 and 50 sneezes per hour, respectively. All computations were based on 90 minutes of sampling using specifications from a COTS aerosol collector and biosensor. Only biosensors that could provide an answer in under 20 minutes without any manual preparation steps were included. The principal finding was that the steady-state bacteria concentrations in aircraft would be high enough to be detected in the case where seven infectious passengers are exhaling under scenarios 1 and 2 and where one infectious passenger is actively exhaling in scenario 2. Breathing alone failed to generate sufficient bacterial particles for detection, and none of the scenarios generated sufficient viral particles for detection to be feasible. These results suggest that more sensitive sensors than the COTS devices currently available and/or sampling of individual passengers would be needed for the detection of bacteria and viruses in aircraft.
format	article
author	Grace M Hwang Anthony A DiCarlo Gene C Lin
author_facet	Grace M Hwang Anthony A DiCarlo Gene C Lin
author_sort	Grace M Hwang
title	An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
title_short	An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
title_full	An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
title_fullStr	An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
title_full_unstemmed	An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
title_sort	analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/f85fbe2ee99648be88ac442c2d793e57
work_keys_str_mv	AT gracemhwang ananalysisonthedetectionofbiologicalcontaminantsaboardaircraft AT anthonyadicarlo ananalysisonthedetectionofbiologicalcontaminantsaboardaircraft AT geneclin ananalysisonthedetectionofbiologicalcontaminantsaboardaircraft AT gracemhwang analysisonthedetectionofbiologicalcontaminantsaboardaircraft AT anthonyadicarlo analysisonthedetectionofbiologicalcontaminantsaboardaircraft AT geneclin analysisonthedetectionofbiologicalcontaminantsaboardaircraft
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An analysis on the detection of biological contaminants aboard aircraft.

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