In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows

This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH<sub>4</sub> emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters f...

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Autores principales:	Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia, Rebecca Danielsson, Mohammad Ramin, Pekka Huhtanen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cashew nutshell extract emitters GreenFeed in vitro system methane production ranking Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f867425682f64802baf69cd15d9d4bf2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f867425682f64802baf69cd15d9d4bf22021-11-25T16:15:47ZIn Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows10.3390/ani111131122076-2615https://doaj.org/article/f867425682f64802baf69cd15d9d4bf22021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3112https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH<sub>4</sub> emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH<sub>4</sub> production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH<sub>4</sub> emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH<sub>4</sub> production. Except for the aimed differences in CH<sub>4</sub> production, no statistical differences were detected among groups of low and high emitters either in in vivo animal performance or rumen fermentation profile prior to the in vitro incubations. The effect of in vivo ranking was poorly replicated in in vitro conditions after 48 h of anaerobic fermentation. Instead, the effects of diet and CNSL were more consistent. The inclusion of 50% barley in the diet (SB) increased both asymptotic gas production by 17.3% and predicted in vivo CH<sub>4</sub> by 26.2%, when compared to 100% grass silage (S) substrate, respectively. The SB diet produced on average more propionate (+28 mmol/mol) and consequently less acetate compared to the S diet. Irrespective of CH<sub>4</sub> emitter group, CNSL decreased predicted in vivo CH<sub>4</sub> (26.7 vs. 11.1 mL/ g of dry matter; DM) and stoichiometric CH<sub>4</sub> (CH<sub>4</sub>VFA; 304 vs. 235 moles/mol VFA), with these being also reflected in decreased total gas production per unit of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial structure was assessed on rumen fluid sampled prior to in vitro incubation, by sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) did not show any differences between groups. Some differences appeared of relative abundance between groups in some specific OTUs mainly related to <i>Prevotella.</i> Genus <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> represented 93.7 ± 3.33% of the archaeal sequences. There were no clear differences between groups in relative abundance of <i>Methanobrevibacter.</i>Edward H. Cabezas-GarciaRebecca DanielssonMohammad RaminPekka HuhtanenMDPI AGarticlecashew nutshell extractemittersGreenFeedin vitro systemmethane productionrankingVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3112, p 3112 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cashew nutshell extract emitters GreenFeed in vitro system methane production ranking Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	cashew nutshell extract emitters GreenFeed in vitro system methane production ranking Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia Rebecca Danielsson Mohammad Ramin Pekka Huhtanen In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
description	This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH<sub>4</sub> emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH<sub>4</sub> production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH<sub>4</sub> emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH<sub>4</sub> production. Except for the aimed differences in CH<sub>4</sub> production, no statistical differences were detected among groups of low and high emitters either in in vivo animal performance or rumen fermentation profile prior to the in vitro incubations. The effect of in vivo ranking was poorly replicated in in vitro conditions after 48 h of anaerobic fermentation. Instead, the effects of diet and CNSL were more consistent. The inclusion of 50% barley in the diet (SB) increased both asymptotic gas production by 17.3% and predicted in vivo CH<sub>4</sub> by 26.2%, when compared to 100% grass silage (S) substrate, respectively. The SB diet produced on average more propionate (+28 mmol/mol) and consequently less acetate compared to the S diet. Irrespective of CH<sub>4</sub> emitter group, CNSL decreased predicted in vivo CH<sub>4</sub> (26.7 vs. 11.1 mL/ g of dry matter; DM) and stoichiometric CH<sub>4</sub> (CH<sub>4</sub>VFA; 304 vs. 235 moles/mol VFA), with these being also reflected in decreased total gas production per unit of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial structure was assessed on rumen fluid sampled prior to in vitro incubation, by sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) did not show any differences between groups. Some differences appeared of relative abundance between groups in some specific OTUs mainly related to <i>Prevotella.</i> Genus <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> represented 93.7 ± 3.33% of the archaeal sequences. There were no clear differences between groups in relative abundance of <i>Methanobrevibacter.</i>
format	article
author	Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia Rebecca Danielsson Mohammad Ramin Pekka Huhtanen
author_facet	Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia Rebecca Danielsson Mohammad Ramin Pekka Huhtanen
author_sort	Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia
title	In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
title_short	In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
title_full	In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
title_fullStr	In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
title_full_unstemmed	In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
title_sort	in vitro incubations do not reflect in vivo differences based on ranking of low and high methane emitters in dairy cows
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f867425682f64802baf69cd15d9d4bf2
work_keys_str_mv	AT edwardhcabezasgarcia invitroincubationsdonotreflectinvivodifferencesbasedonrankingoflowandhighmethaneemittersindairycows AT rebeccadanielsson invitroincubationsdonotreflectinvivodifferencesbasedonrankingoflowandhighmethaneemittersindairycows AT mohammadramin invitroincubationsdonotreflectinvivodifferencesbasedonrankingoflowandhighmethaneemittersindairycows AT pekkahuhtanen invitroincubationsdonotreflectinvivodifferencesbasedonrankingoflowandhighmethaneemittersindairycows
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In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows

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