Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene FoxP2 among Animals

The protein-coding gene FoxP2 (fork head box protein P2) plays a major role in communication and evolutionary changes. The present study carried out a comprehensive codon usage bias analysis in the FoxP2 gene among a diverse group of animals including fishes, bi...

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Autores principales:	Tarikul Huda Mazumder, Ali M. Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Talha Bin Emran, Afaf A. Aldahish, Arif Uddin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>FoxP2</i> gene effective number of codons relative synonymous codon usage natural selection Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f86d5b15624c4f7cb0cf079ef8d746f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f86d5b15624c4f7cb0cf079ef8d746f62021-11-25T16:46:48ZAnalysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals10.3390/biology101110782079-7737https://doaj.org/article/f86d5b15624c4f7cb0cf079ef8d746f62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1078https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The protein-coding gene <i>FoxP2</i> (fork head box protein P2) plays a major role in communication and evolutionary changes. The present study carried out a comprehensive codon usage bias analysis in the <i>FoxP2</i> gene among a diverse group of animals including fishes, birds, reptiles, and mammals. We observed that in the genome of fishes for the <i>FoxP2</i> gene, codons ending with C or G were most frequently used, while in birds, reptiles, and mammals, codons ending with T or A were most frequently used. A higher ENC value was observed for the <i>FoxP2</i> gene indicating a lower CUB. Parity role two-bias plots suggested that apart from mutation pressure, other factors such as natural selection might have influenced the CUB. The frequency distribution of the ENC observed and ENC expected ratio revealed that mutation pressure plays a key role in the patterns of codon usage of <i>FoxP2</i>. Besides, correspondence analysis exposed the composition of the nucleobase under mutation bias affects the codon usage of the <i>FoxP2</i> gene. However, neutrality plots revealed the major role of natural selection over mutation pressure in the CUB of <i>FoxP2</i>. In addition, the codon usage patterns for FoxP2 among the selected genomes suggested that nature has favored nearly all the synonymous codons for encoding the corresponding amino acid. The uniform usage of 12 synonymous codons for FoxP2 was observed among the species of birds. The amino acid usage frequency for FoxP2 revealed that the amino acids Leucine, Glutamine, and Serine were predominant over other amino acids among all the species of fishes, birds, reptiles, and mammals.Tarikul Huda MazumderAli M. AlqahtaniTaha AlqahtaniTalha Bin EmranAfaf A. AldahishArif UddinMDPI AGarticle<i>FoxP2</i> geneeffective number of codonsrelative synonymous codon usagenatural selectionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1078, p 1078 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>FoxP2</i> gene effective number of codons relative synonymous codon usage natural selection Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>FoxP2</i> gene effective number of codons relative synonymous codon usage natural selection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Tarikul Huda Mazumder Ali M. Alqahtani Taha Alqahtani Talha Bin Emran Afaf A. Aldahish Arif Uddin Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals
description	The protein-coding gene <i>FoxP2</i> (fork head box protein P2) plays a major role in communication and evolutionary changes. The present study carried out a comprehensive codon usage bias analysis in the <i>FoxP2</i> gene among a diverse group of animals including fishes, birds, reptiles, and mammals. We observed that in the genome of fishes for the <i>FoxP2</i> gene, codons ending with C or G were most frequently used, while in birds, reptiles, and mammals, codons ending with T or A were most frequently used. A higher ENC value was observed for the <i>FoxP2</i> gene indicating a lower CUB. Parity role two-bias plots suggested that apart from mutation pressure, other factors such as natural selection might have influenced the CUB. The frequency distribution of the ENC observed and ENC expected ratio revealed that mutation pressure plays a key role in the patterns of codon usage of <i>FoxP2</i>. Besides, correspondence analysis exposed the composition of the nucleobase under mutation bias affects the codon usage of the <i>FoxP2</i> gene. However, neutrality plots revealed the major role of natural selection over mutation pressure in the CUB of <i>FoxP2</i>. In addition, the codon usage patterns for FoxP2 among the selected genomes suggested that nature has favored nearly all the synonymous codons for encoding the corresponding amino acid. The uniform usage of 12 synonymous codons for FoxP2 was observed among the species of birds. The amino acid usage frequency for FoxP2 revealed that the amino acids Leucine, Glutamine, and Serine were predominant over other amino acids among all the species of fishes, birds, reptiles, and mammals.
format	article
author	Tarikul Huda Mazumder Ali M. Alqahtani Taha Alqahtani Talha Bin Emran Afaf A. Aldahish Arif Uddin
author_facet	Tarikul Huda Mazumder Ali M. Alqahtani Taha Alqahtani Talha Bin Emran Afaf A. Aldahish Arif Uddin
author_sort	Tarikul Huda Mazumder
title	Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals
title_short	Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals
title_full	Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals
title_fullStr	Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals
title_sort	analysis of codon usage of speech gene <i>foxp2</i> among animals
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f86d5b15624c4f7cb0cf079ef8d746f6
work_keys_str_mv	AT tarikulhudamazumder analysisofcodonusageofspeechgeneifoxp2iamonganimals AT alimalqahtani analysisofcodonusageofspeechgeneifoxp2iamonganimals AT tahaalqahtani analysisofcodonusageofspeechgeneifoxp2iamonganimals AT talhabinemran analysisofcodonusageofspeechgeneifoxp2iamonganimals AT afafaaldahish analysisofcodonusageofspeechgeneifoxp2iamonganimals AT arifuddin analysisofcodonusageofspeechgeneifoxp2iamonganimals
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Analysis of Codon Usage of Speech Gene <i>FoxP2</i> among Animals

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