Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is a major life-threatening fungal pathogen. In response to the stress of the host environment, C. neoformans produces large polyploid titan cells. Titan cell production enhances the virulence of C. neoformans, yet whether the polyploid aspect of titan cells is speci...

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Autores principales:	Aleeza C. Gerstein, Man Shun Fu, Liliane Mukaremera, Zhongming Li, Kate L. Ormerod, James A. Fraser, Judith Berman, Kirsten Nielsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f88565fa35b148988880262675e68937
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f88565fa35b148988880262675e689372021-11-15T15:41:30ZPolyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation10.1128/mBio.01340-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/f88565fa35b148988880262675e689372015-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01340-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is a major life-threatening fungal pathogen. In response to the stress of the host environment, C. neoformans produces large polyploid titan cells. Titan cell production enhances the virulence of C. neoformans, yet whether the polyploid aspect of titan cells is specifically influential remains unknown. We show that titan cells were more likely to survive and produce offspring under multiple stress conditions than typical cells and that even their normally sized daughters maintained an advantage over typical cells in continued exposure to stress. Although polyploid titan cells generated haploid daughter cell progeny upon in vitro replication under nutrient-replete conditions, titan cells treated with the antifungal drug fluconazole produced fluconazole-resistant diploid and aneuploid daughter cells. Interestingly, a single titan mother cell was capable of generating multiple types of aneuploid daughter cells. The increased survival and genomic diversity of titan cell progeny promote rapid adaptation to new or high-stress conditions. IMPORTANCE The ability to adapt to stress is a key element for survival of pathogenic microbes in the host and thus plays an important role in pathogenesis. Here we investigated the predominantly haploid human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, which is capable of ploidy and cell size increases during infection through production of titan cells. The enlarged polyploid titan cells are then able to rapidly undergo ploidy reduction to generate progeny with reduced ploidy and/or aneuploidy. Under stressful conditions, titan cell progeny have a growth and survival advantage over typical cell progeny. Understanding how titan cells enhance the rate of cryptococcal adaptation under stress conditions may assist in the development of novel drugs aimed at blocking ploidy transitions.Aleeza C. GersteinMan Shun FuLiliane MukaremeraZhongming LiKate L. OrmerodJames A. FraserJudith BermanKirsten NielsenAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 5 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Aleeza C. Gerstein Man Shun Fu Liliane Mukaremera Zhongming Li Kate L. Ormerod James A. Fraser Judith Berman Kirsten Nielsen Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation
description	ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is a major life-threatening fungal pathogen. In response to the stress of the host environment, C. neoformans produces large polyploid titan cells. Titan cell production enhances the virulence of C. neoformans, yet whether the polyploid aspect of titan cells is specifically influential remains unknown. We show that titan cells were more likely to survive and produce offspring under multiple stress conditions than typical cells and that even their normally sized daughters maintained an advantage over typical cells in continued exposure to stress. Although polyploid titan cells generated haploid daughter cell progeny upon in vitro replication under nutrient-replete conditions, titan cells treated with the antifungal drug fluconazole produced fluconazole-resistant diploid and aneuploid daughter cells. Interestingly, a single titan mother cell was capable of generating multiple types of aneuploid daughter cells. The increased survival and genomic diversity of titan cell progeny promote rapid adaptation to new or high-stress conditions. IMPORTANCE The ability to adapt to stress is a key element for survival of pathogenic microbes in the host and thus plays an important role in pathogenesis. Here we investigated the predominantly haploid human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, which is capable of ploidy and cell size increases during infection through production of titan cells. The enlarged polyploid titan cells are then able to rapidly undergo ploidy reduction to generate progeny with reduced ploidy and/or aneuploidy. Under stressful conditions, titan cell progeny have a growth and survival advantage over typical cell progeny. Understanding how titan cells enhance the rate of cryptococcal adaptation under stress conditions may assist in the development of novel drugs aimed at blocking ploidy transitions.
format	article
author	Aleeza C. Gerstein Man Shun Fu Liliane Mukaremera Zhongming Li Kate L. Ormerod James A. Fraser Judith Berman Kirsten Nielsen
author_facet	Aleeza C. Gerstein Man Shun Fu Liliane Mukaremera Zhongming Li Kate L. Ormerod James A. Fraser Judith Berman Kirsten Nielsen
author_sort	Aleeza C. Gerstein
title	Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation
title_short	Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation
title_full	Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation
title_fullStr	Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation
title_full_unstemmed	Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation
title_sort	polyploid titan cells produce haploid and aneuploid progeny to promote stress adaptation
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/f88565fa35b148988880262675e68937
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Polyploid Titan Cells Produce Haploid and Aneuploid Progeny To Promote Stress Adaptation

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