Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery

Nanocomposites as drug delivery systems (e.g., metal nanoparticles) are being exploited for several applications in the biomedical field, from therapeutics to diagnostics. Green nanocomposites stand for nanoparticles of biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic profiles. When using metal nanopartic...

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Autores principales:	Sara Cardoso, Classius F. da Silva, Patrícia Severino, Amélia M. Silva, Selma B. Souto, Aleksandra Zielińska, Jacek Karczewski, Eliana B. Souto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	metal nanoparticles drug delivery genotoxicity comet assay nanotoxicology DNA damage Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f89370238b984485be06c196c30a7c7f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f89370238b984485be06c196c30a7c7f2021-11-11T18:06:32ZGenotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery10.3390/ma142165511996-1944https://doaj.org/article/f89370238b984485be06c196c30a7c7f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6551https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Nanocomposites as drug delivery systems (e.g., metal nanoparticles) are being exploited for several applications in the biomedical field, from therapeutics to diagnostics. Green nanocomposites stand for nanoparticles of biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic profiles. When using metal nanoparticles for drug delivery, the question of how hazardous these “virus-sized particles” can be is posed, due to their nanometer size range with enhanced reactivity compared to their respective bulk counterparts. These structures exhibit a high risk of being internalized by cells and interacting with the genetic material, with the possibility of inducing DNA damage. The Comet Assay, or Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE), stands out for its capacity to detect DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. It has huge potential in the genotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles and respective cells’ interactions. In this review, the Comet assay is described, discussing several examples of its application in the genotoxicity evaluation of nanoparticles commonly administered in a set of routes (oral, skin, inhaled, ocular and parenteral administration). In the nanoparticles boom era, where guidelines for their evaluation are still very limited, it is urgent to ensure their safety, alongside their quality and efficacy. Comet assay or SCGE can be considered an essential tool and a reliable source to achieve a better nanotoxicology assessment of metal nanoparticles used in drug delivery.Sara CardosoClassius F. da SilvaPatrícia SeverinoAmélia M. SilvaSelma B. SoutoAleksandra ZielińskaJacek KarczewskiEliana B. SoutoMDPI AGarticlemetal nanoparticlesdrug deliverygenotoxicitycomet assaynanotoxicologyDNA damageTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6551, p 6551 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metal nanoparticles drug delivery genotoxicity comet assay nanotoxicology DNA damage Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	metal nanoparticles drug delivery genotoxicity comet assay nanotoxicology DNA damage Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Sara Cardoso Classius F. da Silva Patrícia Severino Amélia M. Silva Selma B. Souto Aleksandra Zielińska Jacek Karczewski Eliana B. Souto Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery
description	Nanocomposites as drug delivery systems (e.g., metal nanoparticles) are being exploited for several applications in the biomedical field, from therapeutics to diagnostics. Green nanocomposites stand for nanoparticles of biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic profiles. When using metal nanoparticles for drug delivery, the question of how hazardous these “virus-sized particles” can be is posed, due to their nanometer size range with enhanced reactivity compared to their respective bulk counterparts. These structures exhibit a high risk of being internalized by cells and interacting with the genetic material, with the possibility of inducing DNA damage. The Comet Assay, or Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE), stands out for its capacity to detect DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. It has huge potential in the genotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles and respective cells’ interactions. In this review, the Comet assay is described, discussing several examples of its application in the genotoxicity evaluation of nanoparticles commonly administered in a set of routes (oral, skin, inhaled, ocular and parenteral administration). In the nanoparticles boom era, where guidelines for their evaluation are still very limited, it is urgent to ensure their safety, alongside their quality and efficacy. Comet assay or SCGE can be considered an essential tool and a reliable source to achieve a better nanotoxicology assessment of metal nanoparticles used in drug delivery.
format	article
author	Sara Cardoso Classius F. da Silva Patrícia Severino Amélia M. Silva Selma B. Souto Aleksandra Zielińska Jacek Karczewski Eliana B. Souto
author_facet	Sara Cardoso Classius F. da Silva Patrícia Severino Amélia M. Silva Selma B. Souto Aleksandra Zielińska Jacek Karczewski Eliana B. Souto
author_sort	Sara Cardoso
title	Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery
title_short	Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery
title_full	Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery
title_fullStr	Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed	Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery
title_sort	genotoxicity assessment of metal-based nanocomposites applied in drug delivery
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f89370238b984485be06c196c30a7c7f
work_keys_str_mv	AT saracardoso genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT classiusfdasilva genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT patriciaseverino genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT ameliamsilva genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT selmabsouto genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT aleksandrazielinska genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT jacekkarczewski genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery AT elianabsouto genotoxicityassessmentofmetalbasednanocompositesappliedindrugdelivery
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Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery

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